Okay so in terms of neurons, you must remember that they are individual cells which receive, process and trasmit information to other cells.
The dendrites are specialised to receive incoming information from another neuron. It then transmits it to the cell body.
The axon is the part of the neuron that transmits information from the neuron to other neurons. The axon is covered by the myelin sheath, a protective covering which prevents interference from other neurons.
Neurotransmitters are chemical substances. They transmit messages from one neuron to the next neuron. A neurotransmitter is released into the synaptic gap from the axon terminals (often called synaptic buttons). A synapse then occurs with the next neuron, signalling that the message has been received by the next neuron.
I hope this clears things up for you.