Our Englishes aren't intentionally set at different difficulty levels, but the scaling tends to be different and colloquially the average literature student would be considered to be "better" than the average English student for instance.
English as an Additional Language is most similar to (our) standard English, and exists so that students with limited English background aren't competing against native English speakers (there are rules about length of time resided in Australia, if English was taught in their home country etc.).
Last year EAL scaled down by 1 point.
(standard) English is the most popular one. Students study texts within their school, write comparative and analytical essays, analyse arguments (eg newspaper articles) and also have a SAC where they give a persuasive speech about a topic of their choice. This is basically the English that is learnt all through high school.
Last year English scaled down by 2 points
Literature is very focused on texts and authorial intent. Literature classes, in year 11 especially, also have a reputation for being relaxed and heavily featuring class discussions. Students analyse texts through varies different lenses (eg historical, psychological, feminist) and imo this is the most "the author said the curtains were blue" -> "the repeating motif of blue reinforced the characters' melancholy" of all the Englishes (hope that description made sense).
Last year Literature scaled up by 1 point
(I studied this in year 11)
English Language should just be called "VCE linguistics". It focuses on how language is used within society, how it changes, how we represent it and how we acquire it. Students write an essay (eg. the role of informal language in contemporary Australian identity), answer short answer questions (eg. identify the modal verb used in line 15 and the function it serves) and write an analytical commentary (here's a text you've never read before, analyse it). Sometimes people describe EL as the "most scientific" in comparison to English and Lit.
Last year EL scaled up by 3 points