VCE PHYSICAL EDUCATION Q&A THREAD
What is this thread for?
If you have general questions about the VCE Physical Education course or how to improve in certain areas, this is the place to ask!
Who can/will answer questions?
Everyone is welcome to contribute; even if you're unsure of yourself, providing different perspectives is incredibly valuable.
Please don't be dissuaded by the fact that you haven't finished Year 12, or didn't score as highly as others, or your advice contradicts something else you've seen on this thread, or whatever; none of this disqualifies you from helping others. And if you're worried you do have some sort of misconception, put it out there and someone else can clarify and modify your understanding!
There'll be a whole bunch of other high-scoring students with their own wealths of wisdom to share with you, including TuteSmart tutors! So you may even get multiple answers from different people offering their insights - very cool.
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OTHER PE RESOURCES
Original post.
Welcome to the PE Board everyone :D
This thread can be used to ask any questions about the content of VCE Physical Education that you may have.
Good luck with PE!
All the help provided is greatly appreciated ;D
Spoiler
The data collected indicated as the amount of exercise increases, heart rate will increase gradually until a max heart rate is reached. When a person is about to begin exercising, there is an anticipatory response brought about by the autonomic nervous system and by release of the hormone adrenaline, heart rate and stroke volume increases. At the start of exercise oxygen deficit would occur as the body's cardiovascular and respiratory systems respond to physical activity. The oxygen deficit from 0 to 100m would be because the anaerobic energy systems are producing the majority of the ATP. This is because to maintain the activity of the muscle cells during exercise a source of energy is required. Aerobic respiration would be present throughout the entire 400m, it would just be less dominant towards the beginning of the exercise (e.g. the first 100m) as the aerobic energy system takes some time to 'warm up'. In the experiment the subject’s sudden increase in activity intensity by moving from standing to starting a steady jog reflected the corresponding initial sharp increase in heart rate shown in the graph from 0 metres to 100 metres. As the body’s initial demand for oxygen and nutrients was significantly greater at the start of the experiment a sharp increase in heart rate was necessary in order to increase blood flow and stroke volume in response to the subject’s sudden increase in activity intensity. In order to maintain the activity of the muscle cells. A large increase in blood flow was required to ensure an adequate supply of oxygen and nutrients, and to remove the carbon dioxide and heat produced. This meant the cardiac output and stroke volume would increase as the rate of blood flow depends on how fast the heart is beating and how much blood the heart pumps with each beat.
Initially anaerobic respiration allows cells to produce some energy in the absence of oxygen from glucose. This resulted in the accumulation of lactic acid in the muscles and an oxygen debt from combining lactic acid with oxygen to form glucose and eventually glycogen. Once the athlete has hit the 100m mark and onwards, oxygen supply is very close to equalling oxygen demand, as the exercise intensity is constant. Therefore, the athlete's heart rate will remain fairly steady, as they don't need to take in any more oxygen as the intensity is constant. Heart rate continues to increase as the subject deplete their anaerobic sources of energy and starts to switch to aerobic energy production from 200 metres to 400 metres. As the subject’s speed and activity intensity remains the same from 200 metres onwards, the amount of oxygen required for the activity remains the same. This meant a sharp increase in heart rate was not necessary to maintain a steady jog. Heart rate would increase because there is a greater demand for oxygen than is currently being supplied. In this case, there may just be a slight increase because the athlete hasn't quite settled into steady state yet - so yes, there would be a small oxygen deficit because the anaerobic energy systems are still providing a small amount of the energy from 200m-400m, and their contribution is slowly decreasing (hence the slowly increase in HR as the aerobic system provides more of the energy). Oxygen deficit would be occurring throughout the entire 400m - although it would be very minimal in the last 300m compared to the first 100m. While HR is still increasing, however, and exercise intensity is staying the same, then the anaerobic energy systems must be producing some of the energy - hence there is oxygen deficit (as the definition of oxygen deficit is how much extra oxygen would be needed for the exercise to be performed aerobically). Heart rate and stroke volume is a key determinant of how much oxygen can be delivered to the working muscles. To provide sufficient oxygen necessary for aerobic respiration to maintain muscle activity and to ensure that blood supply to the muscles is adequate, heart rate will increase gradually from 200 metres onwards. The increased heart rate allows lactic acid to be carried away by the blood to the liver, where it is broken down. It also allows the oxygen debt incurred by the body to be slowly repaid.
Spoiler
The data collected indicated as the amount of exercise increases, heart rate will increase gradually until a max heart rate is reached. At the start of exercise, oxygen deficit would occur as the body's cardiovascular and respiratory systems respond to physical activity. The oxygen deficit from 0 to 100m would be because the anaerobic energy systems are producing the majority of the ATP. Aerobic respiration would be present throughout the entire 400m. At the beginning of exercise (e.g. the first 100m), it would be less dominant as the aerobic energy system takes some time to function at full capacity. In the experiment, the participant’s sudden increase in activity intensity by moving from standing to a steady jog reflected the corresponding initial sharp increase in heart rate shown in the graph from 0-100 metres. As the body’s initial demand for oxygen and nutrients increased significantly at the start of exercise, a sharp increase in heart rate was necessary in order to increase blood flow and stroke volume, which supplies oxygen and nutrients to the muscles and removes waste products.
Initially, anaerobic respiration allows ATP to be produced in the absence of oxygen. This results in the accumulation of lactic acid and other fatigue-causing by-products, such as H+ ions, in the muscles. After the 100m mark, oxygen supply is very close to equalling oxygen demand, as the exercise intensity is constant. Therefore, the athlete's heart rate will remain fairly steady, as they don't need to take in any more oxygen. Heart rate continues to increase slightly as the participant depletes their anaerobic sources of energy and the aerobic energy system becomes more predominant from 200-400m. Heart rate may slightly increase because the athlete hasn’t quite settled into steady state, and there is a slightly greater demand for oxygen than is currently being supplied. This increased heart rate will also allow for fatigue-causing by-products produced by the anaerobic energy systems to be removed.
I'm glad I've been able to help you :)