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Author Topic: Year 10 History: An Abridged Summary  (Read 6571 times)

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caffinatedloz

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Year 10 History: An Abridged Summary
« on: December 09, 2019, 07:41:42 am »
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As I was tidying up and typing up all of my notes from this year I figured that making summaries about the key areas that most Year 10 history classes cover could be helpful for some people. Please feel free to add your own notes to this thread. Hope that this is helpful! ;D

(I figured I'd start with WW2, and add some notes about "Rights & Freedoms" and "Migration" later on.)

WW2
The Causes of WW2
The Paris Peace Conference and Treaty of Versailles
This was the members of the Allied powers meeting to discuss the terms of the defeated Central Powers surrendering. It imposed devastating terms of Germany in relation to politics and the economy. This bred resentment in the hearts of German people as a whole which was later exploited by their politicians. Japan's racial equality clause was not passed in the treaty either, which created resentment between Japan and the West.

The Great Depression and Rise of Dictatorships
In 1929, the stock market crashed in New York. Consequently, a struggling economy allowed communism, fascism and militarism to gain popularity.

The Nazi Party
They had ideology built on nationalism, anticommunism and antisemitism.

The Third Reich
This is the time in which Hilter was the supreme ruler of Germany. Under his rule, there was little or no personal freedom as well as extremely harsh punishments for breaking Hitlers rules which included internment in concentration camps.

A Timeline
1919: The Paris Peace Conference and Treaty of Versailles
1933: Hitler becomes Chancellor of Germany, leading the Nazi party. (January 30th.)
1938: The Night of Broken Glass (9th-10th November.)
1939: Germany attacks Poland, leading the British empire to declare war on Germany. (September 1st.)
1941: The Japanese attack Pearl Harbour and Singapore. (December.)
1942: Darwin is bombed by the Japanese. (February 19th.)
1942: The Kokoda campaign. (July-November.)
1944: D-Day, the landing of Allied Troops in Europe. (June 6th.)
1945: The USA bombs Hiroshima (August 6th.) and Nagasaki (August 9th.).

Significant People
Benito Mussolini
- Italy, Axis Powers
- PM 1922-1943
- A fascist dictator who aligned himself with Nazi Germany and Japan.

Adolf Hitler
- Germany, Axis Powers
- Früher 1933-1945
- A fascist dictator, inspired by Mussolini.
- Attempted to create the perfect race, as well as wiping out Jewish people.

Winston Churchill
- UK, Allies
- PM 1940-1945
- Liberal (conservative) and very opposed to socialism.
- A highly charismatic leader that was instrumental in bringing the USA and USSR into the allies which allowed them to create a strategy to defeat the Axis powers.

John Curtin
- Australia, Allies
- PM 1941-1945
- Leader of the Labour party.

Impacts of WW2
World War Two changed the international political power balance as the two previous superpowers (Britain and Russia) were overshadowed by two new nations rising to power (USA and China).

Following the war, the United Nations was created. They worked for three years to establish the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR), which was meant to change the way people around the world are treated.

Australia's Experience of WW2
Where did Australia fight during different stages of the war?
Australia began the war by fighting alongside allied forces in Europe. In 1942, Australia withdrew forces from Europe and stationed then in the Pacific in order to protect themselves from the looming threat of Japan.

Australia's Experience of the War in the Asia-Pacific Region
Prisoners of War (POW) captured by Japan were treated very poorly. Many did not survive (due to food shortages and gruelling physical labour).
Australia felt significantly threatened by Japan's invasion. One example of this is the alleged 'Brisbane Line' proposal.
Australia was involved in many parts of the war in the Pacific including the Darwin bombing and Kokoda campaign.

Life on the Homefront: Challenges & Changes
The National Security Act (1939)
This gave the Australian government greater power to respond to the threat of war.

Censorship and Propaganda
All forms of media were limited on what they could report. Mail and phone calls were also censored for security. Propaganda was used to unite Australia against a common enemy.

Internment
Those believed to be 'enemy aliens' were placed in internment camps around Australia.

Everyday Life
This government had a say in the jobs that people performed and gave priority to manufacturing and agriculture. Blackouts were also introduced as were restrictions on businesses like limited opening hours and maximum prices. Many items including food and clothing were rationed.

The Role of Women
Before WW2, women were not permitted to serve in the military. If they did work, they were expected to give up their jobs when they had children. During the war, women undertook a wider variety of jobs including farm work, manufacturing, electrical work, welding, building, driving trucks and conducting trams. From late 1940, women were also encouraged to join the military.

The Use of Propaganda
Propaganda was used to control motivate and direct Australia's war effort. It was used to encourage Australians to support the war effort by enlisting in certain industries or supporting causes. It did this by appealing to anger, fear or national pride.

The End of the War (in the Pacific)
The war in the Pacific ended after the USA dropped two atomic bombs in Japan. They dropped on \e in Hiroshima (6th August) followed by Nagasaki (9th August).

caffinatedloz

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Re: Year 10 History: An Abridged Summary
« Reply #1 on: December 09, 2019, 08:01:21 am »
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Migration
Key Terms
Migration
The movement of people from one place to another.

Emigration
The act of leaving one country or region to settle permanently in another.

Immigration
The act of entering or settling permanently in a country or region to which a person is not native.

Subsidy
Help to pay some of the costs of migrating to Australia.

Refugee
A person forced to leave their country to escape war, persecution or natural disaster.

What factors influenced migration to Australia before WW2?
1788: The First Fleet
1820: Increased migration with the growth and wool and agriculture industries.
1850: An influx of arrivals during the gold rush.
1901: The Immigration Restriction Act (White Australia Policy) was introduced, limiting the type of immigrants allowed to come to Australia.
1920-1930: There were increased migrants from Italy and Greece, as well as Jewish people trying to escape persecution.

What was migration to Australia like post WW2?
Immediately following WW2, Arthur Calwell (the Immigration Minister) introduced the 'populate or perish' policy.

In 1946, Australia seeks refugees from post-war Europe to try and increase the population.

In 1947, the 'ten pound pom' scheme and 'Big Brother' program were introduced to try and increase British migration.

In 1950, the Colombo plan was used to try and garner support for the 'White Australia Policy' in Asia and try to limit the spread of communism.

Australia was in a much better state than Europe after WW2, making it attractive for refugees.

How has government immigration policy changed over time?
In 1901, the White Australia Policy was introduced which included a 50 word dictation test (that could be administered in any language). The policy was abolished in 1973. After WW2. the government introduced many migration schemes under the 'populate or perish' policy.

How has Australian society changed and developed?
After the 'White Australia Policy' was formally abolished, an influx of diverse migrants arrived. Australia then began to officially call itself a multicultural society in 1973. One factor that contributed to this trend in Australian migration was the work opportunities (such as the Snowy Mountain Hydro-Electric scheme).

hums_student

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Re: Year 10 History: An Abridged Summary
« Reply #2 on: December 09, 2019, 09:30:56 am »
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Amazing work Laura! I’m sure this will be a helpful resource for future students.
2019-21: Bachelor of Arts (Politics & Int'l Relations / Economics)

caffinatedloz

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Re: Year 10 History: An Abridged Summary
« Reply #3 on: December 10, 2019, 08:44:57 am »
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Amazing work Laura! I’m sure this will be a helpful resource for future students.
Thanks so much! ;D

Rights and Freedoms
Key Events (Australia)
1938: Day of Mourning
A manifesto called 'Aborigines Claim Citizen Rights' was distributed. This introduced alternate views of history to many white Australians.

1938: Jack Patten & The Abo Call
Jack Patten was a Yorta Yorta man and an activist for Indigenous rights. He was involved in the 'Day of Mourning'. He was one of the creators of 'The Abo Call', the first Aboriginal newspaper designed to highlight Indigenous issues.

1965: The Australian Freedom Riders
The rides were lead by Charles Perkins (an Indigenous rights activist and the first Aboriginal person to graduate from University) who modelled them on the American Freedom Rides (1961). They highlighted the discrimination that was still prominent in rural areas (which many metropolitan Australians were unaware of. They attracted media coverage which helped to develop movements for further change.

1966: Vincent Lingari & The Wave Hill Walk-Off
Although the walk-off was originally about wages and highlighting entrenched discrimination, Vincent Lingari used it as a platform to talk about land rights. The walk-off finally ended in 1973, and in 1975 Gough Whitlam symbolically poured red earth into Vincent Lingari's hands as he gave back over 3300km2 of land to the Gurindji people.

1967: The Referendum
The Referendum asked for the right for Indigenous people to be counted in the census and for the Federal government to make laws that applied nationally to Indigenous people. This referendum was passed with 90% of people voting yes. (This number was significantly lower in Western Australia and Queensland.)

1972: The Aboriginal Tent Embassy
This was set up on the lawn of Parliament to keep Indigenous issues in the public eye. It was erected in response to the slow progress of Indigenous land rights. Gary Foley was one of the key figures in establishing the tent embassy. The embassy was demolished and re-erected several times. It was removed in 1997 but re-erected on the grounds of Old Parliament House in 1992, where it still stands today.

1972: Sir Douglas Nicholls
He was the first Aboriginal man to be knighted. He was a professional athlete and pastor as well as a campaigner for Indigenous reconciliation.

1992: The Redfern Address
Prime Minister Paul Keating delivered this address as the opening for the year of the World's Indigenous peoples. It was historic as it was the first time that a Prime Minister had ever publically acknowledged that the actions of European settlers had caused continual harm to Indigenous people.

1992: The Mabo Decision
Islanders were given the rights to their specific land because they had been the original owners before European settlement. This made way for the Native Title Act in December 1993. Eddie Mabo was a Torress Strait Islander born on Murray Island. He gave speeches about Indigenous issues. He fought for the land rights in the Mabo v Queensland case but passed away before the verdict (resting in his favour).

1997: The Bringing Them Home Report
A report of the findings of the inquiry into the Stolen Generation. He told of how 10-33% of Indigenous children were taken from their parents and called upon the government to formally apologise.

2008: The Apology
Prime Minister Keven Rudd issued a formal apology to Indigenous Australians for their poor treatment during European settlement. This was the first time that the Australian government apologised to Indigenous people.

2016: Stan Grant's Racism Speech
Stan Grant gave a speech called "Racism Is Destroying the Australian Dream" to highlight racism that was and is still prominent to Australia. He used his platform to draw attention to the discrimination that Indigenous people still face.

2017: Uluru Statement
The Uluru Statement was a consensus from Indigenous people that called for the establishment of a 'First Nations Voice' in the Australian constitution and truth-telling by the Australian government.

Key Events (US)
1954: Brown v Board of Education
Segregation became illegal in the USA; famously known as the 'Brown v Board of Education' case.

1955: Rosa Parks
Rosa Parks was arrested for sitting in the white section on a bus which lead to bus boycotts in Montogomery.

1957: 'Civil Rights Act'
The 'Civil Rights Act' was introduced following momentum from the Emmett Till case. (The shocking case of an African American man accused of offending a white woman being lynched and murdered. Although many of the accusations were later found unreliable or false and the murderers later admitted to committing the crime, no punishment was given.)

1960: The Freedom Riders
The US Freedom Riders choose to test new laws about racial equality by having white and black riders sit side by side on the bus (in the previously white section).

1963: March on Washington
King leads the March on Washington and gives the 'I Have A Dream' speech.

1964: Civil Right's Act
This was an American act that outlawed all discrimination.

Tactics and Strategies Used in the Civil rights Movement
Speeches
-Redfern Address
-Stan Grant

Protests
-Day of Mourning
-Wave Hill Walk-Off

Awareness Raising
-Freedom Riders
-Tent Embassy

Legal Processes
-Referendum
-The Mabo Decision

How have rights and freedoms changed?
In 1938, Indigenous people in Australia were blatantly regarded as lesser. They were legally considered flora and fauna, and paternalism was the norm. 1938 marked the 'Year of Mourning' (150 years since European arrival). In the 1960s, change sparked by American protests lead to change in Australia. In 1962, Indigenous people were allowed to vote. In 1967, the Referendum was passed. Indigenous people were given land back under the Native Title Act, and reconciliation became a promoted and well-recognised movement.

Influence of the US
The US civil rights movement had a large influence on the civil rights protests in Australia. The Freedom Riders are one example of Australia directly copying an idea from the protests in America. The precedent set by the USA also helped racial equality laws to be introduced in Australia.

Joseph41

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Re: Year 10 History: An Abridged Summary
« Reply #4 on: December 10, 2019, 08:45:39 am »
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Love your work. 🙌🙌🙌

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