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March 29, 2024, 01:31:33 am

Author Topic: VCE Biology Question Thread  (Read 3570606 times)  Share 

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galaxy21

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Re: VCE Biology Question Thread
« Reply #10770 on: October 08, 2018, 05:23:00 pm »
0
In relation to herd immunity, my teacher said that is is when 95% of the population is immunised, however some resources say that it is a high number that varies between the disease. Which is correct to use in an exam?
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darkz

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Re: VCE Biology Question Thread
« Reply #10771 on: October 08, 2018, 05:25:00 pm »
+5
In relation to herd immunity, my teacher said that is is when 95% of the population is immunised, however some resources say that it is a high number that varies between the disease. Which is correct to use in an exam?

You can probably just say when the majority of the population is immunised
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Agimo

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Re: VCE Biology Question Thread
« Reply #10772 on: October 08, 2018, 06:18:59 pm »
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Hey guys, this isn’t a content based question but how is everyone going on their practise exams. Like average marks wise.

Sine

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Re: VCE Biology Question Thread
« Reply #10773 on: October 08, 2018, 06:30:28 pm »
+2
In relation to herd immunity, my teacher said that is is when 95% of the population is immunised, however some resources say that it is a high number that varies between the disease. Which is correct to use in an exam?
It really depends on the exact type of vaccination and what components are included in the particular vaccine. I recall that 80%+ vaccine coverage is fine but some diseases spread very easily so you would need a higher vaccine coverage such as 90-95%

vox nihili

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Re: VCE Biology Question Thread
« Reply #10774 on: October 08, 2018, 07:26:20 pm »
+2
It really depends on the exact type of vaccination and what components are included in the particular vaccine. I recall that 80%+ vaccine coverage is fine but some diseases spread very easily so you would need a higher vaccine coverage such as 90-95%

This is basically it. Obviously beyond VCE, but it depends on the effectiveness of the vaccine (some vaccines only provide ~70% immunity, for example...flu is a good example of this!) and, more critically, how well a disease spreads through the population. A disease like Ebola spreads really poorly through the community, so you only need a fairly small proportion (about 50%) of the population vaccinated to prevent spread of the disease. At the other end of the spectrum is measles, which requires a vaccination rate of 95% to stop an epidemic from occurring.
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Globe

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Re: VCE Biology Question Thread
« Reply #10775 on: October 09, 2018, 04:56:25 pm »
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Hey guys! This might be a basic question here, but I was wondering in terms of the secretory pathway of a protein, does it travel through both the Rough ER and the Smooth ER, or does it depend on the type of protein?

So in theory, one protein could pass through through only the Rough ER, whilst one protein could pass through both?

Thanks a lot
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PopcornTime

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Re: VCE Biology Question Thread
« Reply #10776 on: October 09, 2018, 04:58:21 pm »
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Does anyone have the 2013 Biology sample exam (so the sample exam given out to students when unit 3/4 bio first started together)?

Erutepa

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Re: VCE Biology Question Thread
« Reply #10777 on: October 09, 2018, 08:08:07 pm »
+2
Hey guys! This might be a basic question here, but I was wondering in terms of the secretory pathway of a protein, does it travel through both the Rough ER and the Smooth ER, or does it depend on the type of protein?

So in theory, one protein could pass through only the Rough ER, whilst one protein could pass through both?

Thanks a lot
The rough ER is the site of the protein synthesis exclusively (as it is is the type that contains the necessarily attached ribosomes) while the smooth ER does not synthesize any proteins (they do other functions like that to cholesterol production and whatnot). However, I don't think this is what you are confused about.
I am actually not sure whether a protein produced in a segment of rough ER may actually pass through a section of smooth ER. This may be the case, but I will let someone more knowledgeable answer this query. I would say fairly certain though that this is not something that you will need to know and that when talking about the secretion of a protein, all you will need to mention is it moving through the ER after being produced in the Rough ER.
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PopcornTime

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Re: VCE Biology Question Thread
« Reply #10778 on: October 09, 2018, 08:57:06 pm »
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Protein function is determined by order of the amino acids. Why is this the case?

What is the importance of having two types of proteins - fibrous and globular?

With endosymbiosis theory, did a smaller prokaryote get engulfed by a larger prokaryote or larger eukaryote?

darkz

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Re: VCE Biology Question Thread
« Reply #10779 on: October 09, 2018, 09:02:56 pm »
+10
Protein function is determined by order of the amino acids. Why is this the case?

What is the importance of having two types of proteins - fibrous and globular?

With endosymbiosis theory, did a smaller prokaryote get engulfed by a larger prokaryote or larger eukaryote?

Because the R groups of amino acids are highly specific, therefore, a different order of amino acids may result in different reactions between adjacent/ neighbouring R groups resulting in changes in the way the protein folds => changes 3D structure etc...

The 3D shapes of fibrous and globular proteins are rather unique. e.g. fibrous proteins, being longer and more narrow, would have a better function as structural proteins (collagen, keratin), while the round/spherical shape of globular proteins is more suited towards being functional (enzyme, hormone etc.)

Smaller prokaryote got engulfed by a eukaryote
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PopcornTime

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Re: VCE Biology Question Thread
« Reply #10780 on: October 09, 2018, 09:20:07 pm »
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Because the R groups of amino acids are highly specific, therefore, a different order of amino acids may result in different reactions between adjacent/ neighbouring R groups resulting in changes in the way the protein folds => changes 3D structure etc...

The 3D shapes of fibrous and globular proteins are rather unique. e.g. fibrous proteins, being longer and more narrow, would have a better function as structural proteins (collagen, keratin), while the round/spherical shape of globular proteins is more suited towards being functional (enzyme, hormone etc.)

Smaller prokaryote got engulfed by a eukaryote

Thanks, but if a smaller prokaryote got engulfed by a eukaryote, where did that eukaryote come from? I thought it would be small prokaryote (such as photosynthetic prokaryote) engulfed by larger prokaryote, and then this endosymbiont evolved into a eukaryote.

PopcornTime

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Re: VCE Biology Question Thread
« Reply #10781 on: October 09, 2018, 09:21:15 pm »
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The Cristae has many folds which increases SA inside mitochondria. How is this increased SA useful for aerobic cell respiration?

What is the purpose of the hydrogen ion concentration gradient in ETC?
« Last Edit: October 09, 2018, 09:24:38 pm by PopcornTime »

peachxmh

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Re: VCE Biology Question Thread
« Reply #10782 on: October 09, 2018, 09:24:53 pm »
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With convergent evolution, are the two species completely unrelated or distantly related?
Also, if you were asked to list out the steps of transcription, would you include post-transcriptional modification or does that occur after transcription? Thx!
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PopcornTime

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Re: VCE Biology Question Thread
« Reply #10783 on: October 09, 2018, 09:27:24 pm »
+1
With convergent evolution, are the two species completely unrelated or distantly related?
Also, if you were asked to list out the steps of transcription, would you include post-transcriptional modification or does that occur after transcription? Thx!

1. good question -- not too sure about that! I would just say not closely related, but not sure whether that would fit with distantly related or completely unrelated.

This website says distantly related tho. https://www.encyclopedia.com/earth-and-environment/ecology-and-environmentalism/environmental-studies/convergent-evolution

2. post-transcriptional modifications occur after transcription, so don't need to include.

PopcornTime

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Re: VCE Biology Question Thread
« Reply #10784 on: October 09, 2018, 09:31:13 pm »
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Because the R groups of amino acids are highly specific, therefore, a different order of amino acids may result in different reactions between adjacent/ neighbouring R groups resulting in changes in the way the protein folds => changes 3D structure etc...

The 3D shapes of fibrous and globular proteins are rather unique. e.g. fibrous proteins, being longer and more narrow, would have a better function as structural proteins (collagen, keratin), while the round/spherical shape of globular proteins is more suited towards being functional (enzyme, hormone etc.)

Smaller prokaryote got engulfed by a eukaryote

Also, what do you mean by different reactions between adjacent R groups