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March 28, 2024, 11:11:20 pm

Author Topic: VCE Biology Question Thread  (Read 3570469 times)  Share 

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jm08

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Re: VCE Biology Question Thread
« Reply #13395 on: April 10, 2021, 06:49:22 pm »
0
How do I attempt a question of this sort? I'm learning the content not doing exam papers. I have tried googling it, however I thought I would get a more simplified explanation over here. If this is not the forum where I should ask questions, where should I go?
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PhoenixxFire

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Re: VCE Biology Question Thread
« Reply #13396 on: April 10, 2021, 07:08:29 pm »
+4
How do I attempt a question of this sort? I'm learning the content not doing exam papers. I have tried googling it, however I thought I would get a more simplified explanation over here. If this is not the forum where I should ask questions, where should I go?
It cant be answered with a simple explanation without us knowing why it is that you cant answer the question.
Do you need us to explain what monoclonal antibodies or b lymphocytes or myeloma cells are? Are you confused about what monoclonal antibodies are used for? Do you not know what the results of fusing a b cell with a myeloma cell are and therefore cant work out why it might be needed?

Unless we know what you need to know, we dont know what it is that we need to explain.

You must have had some thoughts when you first looked at this question. That's what we want to know. Why were you unable to write the answer straight away? Where did your thought process get up to before you got stuck?
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jm08

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Re: VCE Biology Question Thread
« Reply #13397 on: April 11, 2021, 06:31:24 pm »
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So I have asked why is it required to fuse the extracted B lymphocyte from the mice with a myeloma cell. Why is this fusion required or what does it actually do for the B lymphocyte? I have found from sources that it helps the extracted B lymphocyte produce more antibodies over a longer period of time because a myeloma cell can continually undergo division without mutation. Is this accurate?
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-Lilac-

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Re: VCE Biology Question Thread
« Reply #13398 on: April 11, 2021, 07:06:57 pm »
+1
So I have asked why is it required to fuse the extracted B lymphocyte from the mice with a myeloma cell. Why is this fusion required or what does it actually do for the B lymphocyte? I have found from sources that it helps the extracted B lymphocyte produce more antibodies over a longer period of time because a myeloma cell can continually undergo division without mutation. Is this accurate?

Hi,

I am not 100% sure on this question and I don't think it is that relevant to VCE biology but what I think they are talking about here is creating a cell line that is a fusion of a B cell and myeloma cell (at least in my studies this is how I have used this concept). This is advantageous in the production of antibodies, as myeloma cells are cancerous and therefore are very good are dividing and are immortal. So when you add that with the ability to produce your desired antibody, these fusion cells are very good at producing large amounts of monoclonal antibodies compared to a normal B cell which is not long-lived.

Edit: VCE Bio has changed a quite bit since I did it and there does seem to be more of a focus on monoclonal antibodies. Like how they are created and how they can be used in cancer treatment (ie. to target tumors themselves or checkpoint molecules on T cells).

Someone else here with more knowledge on the syllabus may be able to guide you further on what you need to know as I am not the best with that stuff!
« Last Edit: April 11, 2021, 10:36:29 pm by -Lilac- »
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jm08

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Re: VCE Biology Question Thread
« Reply #13399 on: April 11, 2021, 09:49:52 pm »
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Hi,

I am not 100% sure on this question and I don't think it is that relevant to VCE biology but what I think they are talking about here is creating a cell line that is a fusion of a B cell and myeloma cell (at least in my studies this is how I have used this concept). Not so much the physical fusion of two cells together. This is advantageous in the production of antibodies, as myeloma cells are cancerous and therefore are very good are dividing and are immortal. So when you add that with the ability to produce your desired antibody, these fusion cells are very good at producing large amounts of monoclonal antibodies compared to a normal B cell which is not long-lived.

Thanks for your reply. For the topic of monoclonal antibodies, how in depth do we need to know about them? In the study design it just says "the use of monoclonal antibodies in treating cancer" as the last dot point for unit 3. Is learning the steps of how monoclonal antibodies are created in a lab unnecessary?
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Chocolatepistachio

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Re: VCE Biology Question Thread
« Reply #13400 on: April 12, 2021, 10:08:13 pm »
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If someone could help with this question

Acegtr

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Re: VCE Biology Question Thread
« Reply #13401 on: April 13, 2021, 10:45:54 am »
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Hi,
Could some explain to me how amino acids are transported into a cell? Some sources on Google say by bulk transport while others say by carrier proteins.

Chocolatepistachio

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Re: VCE Biology Question Thread
« Reply #13402 on: April 13, 2021, 01:25:19 pm »
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Amino acids are transported via facilitated diffusion through carrier proteins as they are polar and cant cross the membrane

I don\'t know

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Re: VCE Biology Question Thread
« Reply #13403 on: April 13, 2021, 01:34:49 pm »
+1
Amino acids are transported via facilitated diffusion through carrier proteins as they are polar and cant cross the membrane

Can't some amino acids be non polar as well? Cuz like the R group determines the properties of amino acids? So isn't it the large size that prevents all amino acids from diffusing across the membrane, while some are also restricted due to their polarity? Wait idek can someone clarify, I'm confused now.
« Last Edit: April 13, 2021, 01:38:06 pm by I don\'t know »

-Lilac-

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Re: VCE Biology Question Thread
« Reply #13404 on: April 13, 2021, 08:09:19 pm »
+7
If someone could help with this question

Ok, so from the body of the question we know MG is an autoimmune disease and involves antibodies. This doesn't help us narrow down the options so much so we take a look at the diagram.

We see in healthy individuals, acetylcholine (red dot) is released from the nerve cells. It binds to the purple receptor on muscle cells. This transfers the signal from cell to cell and at the NMJ will result in the contraction in the muscle cell.

In the disease example, we can see the antibodies that are part of the MG disease binding the purple receptor. What does this mean for the acetylcholine that is being released by the nerve cell/motor neuron?

Using this info, you should be able to piece together what is happening to cause symptoms.

To start you off, we can easily get rid of option A as the antibodies are not targeting the motor neurons.
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Corey King

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Re: VCE Biology Question Thread
« Reply #13405 on: April 14, 2021, 03:33:56 pm »
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Hey guys,
So for this question our teacher says the answer is by using an anaerobic pathway, but I dont see why you cannot use the aerobic pathway, producing the extra ATP from the Krebs cycle as well as through Glycolysis, and then unloading the coenzyme electrons still through the electron transport chain.
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PhoenixxFire

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Re: VCE Biology Question Thread
« Reply #13406 on: April 14, 2021, 04:56:34 pm »
+5
Hey guys,
So for this question our teacher says the answer is by using an anaerobic pathway, but I dont see why you cannot use the aerobic pathway, producing the extra ATP from the Krebs cycle as well as through Glycolysis, and then unloading the coenzyme electrons still through the electron transport chain.
https://pasteboard.co/JXffd5k.png
The question states that the toxin prevents mitochondria from turning adp into atp. If it can't do that then it can't make energy. The mitochondria would just be using the glucose to produce heat, not atp, which is not what you want.

Can't some amino acids be non polar as well? Cuz like the R group determines the properties of amino acids? So isn't it the large size that prevents all amino acids from diffusing across the membrane, while some are also restricted due to their polarity? Wait idek can someone clarify, I'm confused now.
Amino acids are transported through both facilitated diffusion and cotransporters - its a type of active transport, using the movement of a different substance to power it rather than atp, you don't need to know about them.
Amino acids can be polar or non polar.
« Last Edit: April 14, 2021, 05:05:44 pm by PhoenixxFire »
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Harrycc3000

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Re: VCE Biology Question Thread
« Reply #13407 on: April 14, 2021, 11:30:52 pm »
+5
Thanks for your reply. For the topic of monoclonal antibodies, how in depth do we need to know about them? In the study design it just says "the use of monoclonal antibodies in treating cancer" as the last dot point for unit 3. Is learning the steps of how monoclonal antibodies are created in a lab unnecessary?
Hey,
Generally i think its not necessary to know all the steps though i think it would be good to be aware of how its done. Usually like you said they test you on the actual application of monoclonal antibodies.
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Chocolatepistachio

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Re: VCE Biology Question Thread
« Reply #13408 on: April 16, 2021, 02:19:03 pm »
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Suppose that there is a phagocytic cell in which the pH inside the lysosome is significantly higher than normal. What outcome regarding phagocytosis is most likely to occur?
A phagocytosis will be able to proceed normally
B pathogens will be able to be broken down but not released from the cell.
C pathogens will not be able to enter the cell
D pathogens will be able to enter the cell but will not be able to be broken down.

Would this be d

Calebark

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Re: VCE Biology Question Thread
« Reply #13409 on: April 16, 2021, 02:39:26 pm »
+6
Suppose that there is a phagocytic cell in which the pH inside the lysosome is significantly higher than normal. What outcome regarding phagocytosis is most likely to occur?
A phagocytosis will be able to proceed normally
B pathogens will be able to be broken down but not released from the cell.
C pathogens will not be able to enter the cell
D pathogens will be able to enter the cell but will not be able to be broken down.

Would this be d

Correct, good job.
I remember doing this exact question back in the day, how wistful.
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