Psych U4 Q's Thread!

[MeLucky]

Okay, I thought so because it's not 'clear' evidence, only you can infer or conclude by reasoning that learning occurs.

[YenEe94]

Could someone please explain spontaneous recovery; stimulus generalisation and stimulus discrimination for me in terms of operant conditioning and classical conditioning?
It's a dot point on the study design but the book only mentions it, ty.

[Zafaraaaa]

In classical conditioning:
Spontaneous recovery: is that the conditioned response SEEMS to have extinguished during a rest period (where the CS is not presented) however after this rest period (when the CS is presented) the Conditioned response returns again or is 'spontaneously recovered'; however the CR now is not as strong as it was the first time (during the acquisition stage)

Stimulus generalisation: is when you perceive similar stimuli to the CS (e.g. the bell in pavlov's experiment might sound similar to a doorbell) so that these 'similar stimuli' (that is, the doorbell) could actually produce the CR (salivating upon hearing bell)- but *not to the same intensity* as the original bell that Pavlov had conditioned the dog to

Stimulus discrimination: is when 'similar stimuli' to the original CS (bell) are discriminated against and do not produce the CR. So in this case, if a dog heard a doorbell it wouldn't salivate at all because of stimulus discrimination. Also, for e.g. If someone ate oysters and fell sick, they might only show signs of nausea when presented with oysters, but not when presented with similar seafood such as prawns or something LOL.

Operant conditioning:

Spontaneous Recovery: is when the association between the action and the consequence declines and seems to have been extinguished (during a rest period where the consequence of the action is not present)..however after this rest period, when the action is committed, the consequence re-appears and so the association between the action & consequence returns again and is recovered.

Stimulus generalisation: is when the stimulus that is associated with the consequence of an action is generalised so that similar stimuli are seen to have similar consequences.. e.g. A child who tries to pat a dog (action) but then gets bitten by a dog (consequence) may steer clear of ALL dogs as he/she does not want to be bitten again.

Stimulus discrimination: is when the stimulus that causes a consequence (of an action) is only caused by that particular stimulus and no other similar stimulus. E.g. A child who suffers a scraped knee (consequence) after trying to ride a rusted old bike (action) may not feel wary or cautious about riding on a similar thing such as a scooter

Don't know if this is accurate/clear enough though so just check over your book as well

[peachesxo]

Hey guys!
whats the difference between vicarious conditioning and observational learning?

[REBORN]

Vicarious conditioning is a sub-heading of obs learning.

[SamiJ]

Give two examples of learned behaviours that are not acquired through observational learning. Explain your choice of examples.

[REBORN]

Operant conditioning? You require direct consequences to alter/keep your behaviour.

Eg: if you wear a sexy dress and get praise for it than you're more likely to wear it again.

Classical conditioning - conditioned reflex. eg, packing up your books as soon as you hear the bell ring.

[SamiJ]

Right. That's what I was thinking but just wanted to double check, thanks 

[SamiJ]

Ok I've got another one. Distinguish between learning and performance. Explain with reference to an example that is not used in the text.

[alypew]

Can all types of negative punishment also be referred to as 'response cost'?
Response cost is the removal of a valued stimulus, but what kind of stimulus is negative punishment removing then?

[kinglouie]

hey just wondering if someone can help me out. What theory / type of learning would be said to need the least amount of participation from the learner?
thanks

[Camo]

hey just wondering if someone can help me out. What theory / type of learning would be said to need the least amount of participation from the learner?
thanks

As in the least amount of attention needed to learn? I would say this would be classical conditioning as the learner learns passively rather then actively but anyone feel free to correct me.

[louiethefly]

What about one trial learning?

[REBORN]

Someone explain to me Garcia's experiment?

[playsimme]

2 Groups of rats --> each exposed to the conditioned stimulus of flashing lights with saccharine water. Later on, one group was given a painful shock, another was given a dose of illness inducing radiation.
When tested later, the group that was given the shock refused to drink water with flashing lights, but had no objection to the saccharine water (they couldn't drink anything with flashing lights)
When tested later, the group that was given the illness refused to drink the saccharine water, but had no objection to the flashing lights (they could drink normal water with lights)
In conclusion - animals learn to adapt and associate different stimuli for survival. In this case it shows taste aversion is usually linked to the taste of stimuli, as the rats who became ill refused saccharine but had no objection to normal water with lights; the other group associated pain with lights hence refusing anything with lights