VCE Biology Question Thread

[Scribe]

Is question 6c from the 2015 VCAA exam relevant to the current study design? I've attached the question (the process named in part b.i. is meiosis).
The answer from the examination report is: "One daughter cell will have two copies of T or one daughter cell will not have any copies of T."

Edit: Also, is this type of change a translocation?

Thanks!

[PhoenixxFire]

Nah that's 1/2 content now. If those are supposed to be chromosomes, then yes it's a translocation

[persistent_insomniac]

- What is the difference between glycoproteins and glycolipids in terms of their structure and function?

- What exactly is signal transduction? Does it include everything from the binding of the molecule to the response or is it just what happens after the molecule binds (series of reactions)?

Thanks

[Azim.m]

When they’re asking why are two different primers needed, do they just mean because both primers are attached to the 3’ end of the DNA strand, two different  primers must be used because the double stranded DNA is split into single strands, hence the sequences would be different from the 3’ end?

[Owlbird83]

- What exactly is signal transduction? Does it include everything from the binding of the molecule to the response or is it just what happens after the molecule binds (series of reactions)?

In the study design it says 'signal transduction as a three-step process involving reception, transduction and cellular response', so it does include the binding of the molecule. I have come a cross many 3 mark questions for signal transduction where you have to give each stage and describe it.
-Reception: Signalling molecule binds to complementary receptor on target cell.
-Transduction: second messenger molecules are released inside the cell and the there is a signal cascade where the signal is amplified, until it stimultates the effector molecule.
-Response: Effector molecule brings about cellular response.

[PopcornTime]

Should I do all the unit 4 exams? I've done all the combined papers, but not sure if I should do the unit 4 ones

[PhoenixxFire]

- What is the difference between glycoproteins and glycolipids in terms of their structure and function?

Thanks

You don’t need to know. Is this in an old exam somewhere? It’s come up a few times now.

When they’re asking why are two different primers needed, do they just mean because both primers are attached to the 3’ end of the DNA strand, two different  primers must be used because the double stranded DNA is split into single strands, hence the sequences would be different from the 3’ end?

Yep

Should I do all the unit 4 exams? I've done all the combined papers, but not sure if I should do the unit 4 ones

Nah definitely don’t do all of them. If you have commercial exams for the current study design then do them first then do some of either U3 or U4 old papers depending on which unit you think you’re doing worse at.

[vox nihili]

- What is the difference between glycoproteins and glycolipids in terms of their structure and function?

- What exactly is signal transduction? Does it include everything from the binding of the molecule to the response or is it just what happens after the molecule binds (series of reactions)?

Thanks

Agree that your first question is now irrelevant. Not sure it was even irrelevant in the 2008-12 course either to be perfectly honest.

[EllingtonFeint]

Could somebody please explain NADP+, ATP, NADPH and all that stuff to me
I am really confused, so could someone please just explain the stuff I need to know for the exam elapse
Thank you

[PhoenixxFire]

Could somebody please explain NADP+, ATP, NADPH and all that stuff to me
I am really confused, so could someone please just explain the stuff I need to know for the exam elapse
Thank you

Hey, how about you post what you think you know about them first. A lot of the time when you think you don’t understand it, it’s actually just that you have a few bits of missing information or misconceptions and you actually know more than you think you do.

It’s far more effective for us to just correct the few bits you don’t know or have gotten wrong rather than give you a heap of information that won’t necessarily be the stuff you need.

[EllingtonFeint]

Could somebody please clarify the definitions of...
-homo genus
-hominin
-hominoid
Please 


Okey,
So all I really know about this is that...
LOADED:                 UNLOADED:
ADP                         ATP
NAD+                       NADH
FAD+                        FADH2
NADP+                     NADPH

And that loaded means that it is carrying electrons or protons... right?
I don’t know what they do exactly... what stages (if they are) in photosynthesis and cellular respiration...
That’s really all I know about it...
We never really learnt about them in class, just glossed over this topic.

Mod edit (PF): Merged double post

[vox nihili]

Could somebody please clarify the definitions of...
-homo genus
-hominin
-hominoid
Please 

What's your understanding of the differences?

[PhoenixxFire]

Okey,
So all I really know about this is that...
LOADED:                 UNLOADED:
ADP                         ATP
NAD+                       NADH
FAD+                        FADH2
NADP+                     NADPH

And that loaded means that it is carrying electrons or protons... right?
I don’t know what they do exactly... what stages (if they are) in photosynthesis and cellular respiration...
That’s really all I know about it...
We never really learnt about them in class, just glossed over this topic.

Okay so you’ve got the loaded and unloaded on the wrong sides, everything you’ve written on the left is unloaded, on the right is loaded.

All you really need to know about FAD,NAD, NADP is that they’re involved in transporting electrons between stages in cellular respiration and photosynthesis. (NAD and FAD are in cellular respiration, NADP is in photosynthesis)

You need to know that two ATP are produced in each of glycolysis and Krebs cycle (and therefore that two ADP go into each of those) and that 32 ATP is produced in the electron transport chain (and therefore 32 ADP go in)

[PopcornTime]

1. VCAA 2005 exam 2, question 5 b). little confused about this experiment. if there is growth of the fungus in tube 12, then how could the answer be that the fungus cannot produce histidine (the amino acid in tube 12)?

2. what innate immune response does not involve cells/chemicals? coughing,vomiting?

3. VCAA 2017 northern hemisphere exam. I know the mice in group 2 were not treated with bacteria, which is why the growth of pathogenic fungus was large, but why would the levels of APCs and Tc cells be low? Also, in group 1, why would the levels of APCs and levels of Tc cells be high if the bacteria played a role in reducing pathogenic fungus growth.

4. Function of primer: to act as a site for Taq polymerase to bind to and to select the region of DNA to be amplified.

5. Why s-shaped spine is important? acts as a spring to facilitate bipedalism.

6. How does following indicate cultural evolution: presence of art, stone tools, burials? I'm more so struggling with how to word my answer for this.

7. With NADH, what do we say happens after it reaches ETC. Does it offload or donate the hydrogen ions to the cytochromes?

[EllingtonFeint]

Please correct me if I’m wrong...
Hominoids are apes (so humans, gorillas, chimpanzees, orangutans, gibbons and Neanderthals)

Hominids are great apes (humans and all of the above... except for gibbons...?)

And homo are Homo sapiens, erectus and Neanderthal, I think?

Should I know anything else??


Also...true or false

Anabolic reactions build up organic molecules
-and an example includes synthesising glucose so photosynthesis???

Catabolic break down
-breaking down glucose in glycolysis

Endergonic use ATP and are non spontaneous (does that mean it takes a while to occur?)
Photosynthesis.

Exergonic release ATP and are spontaneous.
Cellular respiration.


Wait... so is cellular respiration exergonic and catabolic
And photosynthesis anabolic and endergonic??