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J_Rho

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Biology - Test Your Understanding
« on: April 28, 2020, 10:40:41 am »
+25
Biology - Test Your Understanding

As you all know I love a bit of good old bio and I thought it would be neat to start a little weekly test your knowledge thing where once a week I (or someone else) posts a handful of multiple choice and short answer questions of a certain topic to help you revise, consolidate knowledge and help each other out! Cool, huh?

This week we are going to be testing our knowledge of the first 3 dot points in the study design: plasma membrane, transport across membranes and bulk transport.

For those using the Heineman textbook you will find the theory in Chapter 2, those using the Edrolo textbook, this is knowledge from Chapter 3, and those using the Jacaranda or Nelson textbook this content is in Chapter 1.

Get your bio brains ready for the first lot of questions! Let me know what a nice amount of questions are!

Week 1: Plasma Membrane
Q1. Explain the role of cholesterol in the plasma membrane.

Q2. State two functions of the plasma membrane and explain the importance of each function
[From freevcenotes.com]

Q3.Consider the diagram of a plasma membrane below

There is a higher concentration of a small hydrophobic molecule in the extracellular environment than in the intracellular environment.
Draw one arrow on the diagram above to show the pathway taken by the small hydrophobic molecule across the plasma membrane.

[2017 Biology Exam: Section B Q1i]

Q4.Substances that can move by diffusion directly through the phospholipid bilayer of the plasma membrane include
A. sodium ions.
B. oxygen molecules.
C. polar protein molecules.
D. ribonucleic acid molecules.
[2018 Biology Exam: Section A Q1]

Q5. The redistribution of proteins on the plasma membrane can be explained by
A. the fluid mosaic model.
B. movement due to osmosis.
C. the presence of cholesterol in the plasma membrane.
D. the active transport of proteins across the plasma membrane.
[2016 Biology Exam: Section A Q6]

Q6. Identify processes A, B and C

[Adapted from Edrolo 3C Q2]


The answers will be posted on Friday in this post, to allow everyone time to have a go and give and get feedback!
« Last Edit: April 28, 2020, 02:28:02 pm by J_Rho »
— VCE —
English 30, Further Maths 33, Biology 33, Legal Studies 27, Psychology 32

— University —
Bachelor of Nursing @ Monash
Bachelor of Counselling & Psychological Science @ ACAP

J_Rho

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Re: Biology - Test Your Understanding
« Reply #1 on: April 28, 2020, 11:46:37 am »
+7
This is amazing J_Rho :)
Just a small suggestion, maybe use VCAA questions from a bit further back as I know a lot of people would want to save the more recent exams until later in the year to complete under full exam conditions.

Thanks for the suggestion Jammol!
I'll definitely make sure to limit the number of recent exam questions and use more older ones :)
— VCE —
English 30, Further Maths 33, Biology 33, Legal Studies 27, Psychology 32

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Bachelor of Nursing @ Monash
Bachelor of Counselling & Psychological Science @ ACAP

Duck Tails

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Re: Biology - Test Your Understanding
« Reply #2 on: April 28, 2020, 12:43:32 pm »
+6
This is such a great idea, I'll definitely be bookmarking this to use later on in the year + next year! Thank you :)
KLD Class of 2022
VCE 2021: Biology [41], Religion and Society [34]
2022: Chemistry, Methods, Revolutions, English Language

Bri MT

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Re: Biology - Test Your Understanding
« Reply #3 on: April 28, 2020, 02:03:09 pm »
+8
Love your work!

QCE students note that this is unit 1/2 content.


Question 5 is from my bio exam - what a flash back

Sine

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Re: Biology - Test Your Understanding
« Reply #4 on: April 28, 2020, 02:37:13 pm »
+8
Don't open if you plan on answering the questions :)
Week 1: Plasma membrane suggested solutions
1.   Cholesterol maintains the fluidity and stability of the plasma membrane.
2.   1) Protect the cell from its surroundings. The plasma membrane acts as a physical barrier separating the inside and outside of a cell. This can keep potentially toxic substances outside of cells. 2) It is selectively permeable to ions, organic molecules which can move in and out of the cell. Using proteins such as transporters and carriers the cell membrane can regulate what is inside and outside the cell. E.g. Maintaining certain concentration gradients of ions.
3.   Arrow through the phospholipid bi-layer (not through a protein) of the cell membrane. Since the molecule is both small and hydrophobic it does not require special transporters/carriers to move from the outside to inside of the cell.
4.   Oxygen – very small/non-polar molecule (B)
5.   The fluid mosaic model (this refers to the phospholipid bi-layer along with the embedded proteins such as transporters/carriers along with other molecules like glycoproteins, glycolipids and cholesterol.
6.   A: Exocytosis, B: Endocytosis (potentially pinocytosis if that is a liquid), C: Phagocytosis

J_Rho

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Re: Biology - Test Your Understanding
« Reply #5 on: May 04, 2020, 06:22:57 pm »
+10
Biology - Test Your Understanding

Every week on Monday, a handful of questions on a topic will be posted to help you revise, consolidate knowledge and help each other out! You can post your answers for feedback, as well as having the opportunity to give others feedback! (If you want to post anon you can PM me or any other member to post them for you)

This week we are going to be testing our knowledge of: Funtional purposes of proteins, synthesis of proteins via condensation reaction, structure of DNA and types of RNA, and gene expression (transcription, RNA Processing and translation)

For those using the Heineman textbook you will find the theory in the first half of Chapter 3, those using the Edrolo textbook, this is knowledge from the first half of Chapter 4, and those using the Jacaranda textbook this content is in Chapter 2.

Are your bio brains ready for this weeks questions?!

Week 1: Nucleic Acids and Genes
Q1.Explain the function of tRNA in translation
[Adapted from freevcenotes.com]

Q2. Identify and explain the chemical reaction that takes place to join together amino acids
[Adapted from freevcenotes.com]

Q3.Describe the function of RNA polymerase
[From freevcenotes.com]

Q4.A mutation in the regulatory gene of the lac operon may result in
A. inhibition of the operator gene.
B. RNA polymerase not being able to perform transcription.
C. he lac operon switching on in the presence of lactose only.
D. production of a repressor molecule that is unable to bind to the operator gene.

Q5.Translation of the genetic code occurs in the cytosol of a cell. The following diagram is one representation of
translation


In the model presented
A. M represents a ribosome.
B. N represents messenger RNA.
C. O represents transfer RNA.
D. P represents an amino acid.
[Biology Exam 2005 Section A Q15]


The answers for last weeks questions were provided by the one and only Sine
Week 1: Plasma membrane suggested solutions
Q1. Cholesterol maintains the fluidity and stability of the plasma membrane.

Q2.    1) Protect the cell from its surroundings. The plasma membrane acts as a physical barrier separating the inside and outside of a cell. This can keep potentially toxic substances outside of cells. 2) It is selectively permeable to ions, organic molecules which can move in and out of the cell. Using proteins such as transporters and carriers the cell membrane can regulate what is inside and outside the cell. E.g. Maintaining certain concentration gradients of ions.

Q3. Arrow through the phospholipid bi-layer (not through a protein) of the cell membrane. Since the molecule is both small and hydrophobic it does not require special transporters/carriers to move from the outside to inside of the cell.

Q4. Oxygen – very small/non-polar molecule (B)

Q5.    The fluid mosaic model (this refers to the phospholipid bi-layer along with the embedded proteins such as transporters/carriers along with other molecules like glycoproteins, glycolipids and cholesterol.

Q6.    A: Exocytosis, B: Endocytosis, C: Phagocytosis
« Last Edit: May 04, 2020, 06:27:36 pm by J_Rho »
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Bachelor of Counselling & Psychological Science @ ACAP

SmartWorker

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Re: Biology - Test Your Understanding
« Reply #6 on: May 04, 2020, 06:41:53 pm »
+5
Week 1 Answers:

Spoiler
1. Cholesterol mediates the fluidity of the plasma membrane, ensuring the membrane is neither too fluid or too rigid in order to maintain a selectively permeable barrier.

2. - Denotes cell identity: glycoproteins or glycolipids, a source of antigens that allows immune cells to determine if the cell is self or non-self.
- Transport materials: the plasma membrane is composed of integral proteins and pumps that allow for large or polar (hydrophilic or lipophobic) molecules to diffuse down its concentration gradient or to be actively transported across the membrane.
- Receives cellular signals: Glycoproteins or proteins function as receptors that allows complementary signalling molecules to bind and initiate signal transduction pathways.
- Acts as a semi-permeable membrane, allowing the entry and exit of certain molecules.

3. Small hydrophobic molecules will diffuse down its concentration gradient through the plasma membrane not required proteins. Arrow will point downwards from the extracellular environment to the intracellular environment, not touching any proteins.

4. B - Small molecules - non-polar.
5. A - The fluid Mosaic Model describes the plasma membrane as being fluid due to the phospholipid bilayer and cholesterol (animal cells) and mosaic in pattern due to embedded proteins.

6. A - Exocytosis - bulk transfer of substances out of the cell.  B - Endocytosis - maybe pinocytosis as molecules are up taken in fluid. C - Phagocytosis .

Week 2 answers  ;D

Spoiler
1. tRNA carries amino acids and anti-codons to the ribosomes. Allows a polypeptide chain to be constructed.
2. Condensation Polymerisation. The amino acid group of one amino acid and the carboxyl group of another amino acid form a peptide bond (covalent bond),  producing water molecule.
3. RNA polymerase reads the template strand from the 3’ to 5’ direction, synthesising a pre-mRNA strand in the 5’ to 3’ direction during the process of transcription.
4. D. The regulatory gene of the lac Operon encodes instruction for the synthesis of the repressor protein. Hence, a mutation in the regulatory gene will result in the production of a faulty repressor protein.
5. B. mRNA is translated by ribosomes.

Mod Edit: Merged double post
« Last Edit: May 05, 2020, 10:25:28 am by Erutepa »
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Coolgalbornin03Lo

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Re: Biology - Test Your Understanding
« Reply #7 on: May 07, 2020, 08:30:01 pm »
+4



This week we are going to be testing our knowledge of the first 3 dot points in the study design: plasma membrane, transport across membranes and bulk transport.
Week 1: Plasma Membrane
Q1. Explain the role of cholesterol in the plasma membrane.

Q2. State two functions of the plasma membrane and explain the importance of each function
[From freevcenotes.com]

Q3.Consider the diagram of a plasma membrane below

There is a higher concentration of a small hydrophobic molecule in the extracellular environment than in the intracellular environment.
Draw one arrow on the diagram above to show the pathway taken by the small hydrophobic molecule across the plasma membrane.

[2017 Biology Exam: Section B Q1i]

Q4.Substances that can move by diffusion directly through the phospholipid bilayer of the plasma membrane include
A. sodium ions.
B. oxygen molecules.
C. polar protein molecules.
D. ribonucleic acid molecules.
[2018 Biology Exam: Section A Q1]

Q5. The redistribution of proteins on the plasma membrane can be explained by
A. the fluid mosaic model.
B. movement due to osmosis.
C. the presence of cholesterol in the plasma membrane.
D. the active transport of proteins across the plasma membrane.
[2016 Biology Exam: Section A Q6]

Q6. Identify processes A, B and C

[Adapted from Edrolo 3C Q2]



Week 1:
Spoiler
1. Cholesterol maintains the fluidity of the phospholipid bilayer: if temperature is too cold it prevents them from crystallising and if it is too warm it prevents them from moving away from each other.

2. The plasma membrane regulates which molecules can pass in and out this is important because a cell must maintain a certain composition in order to continue functioning. The plasma membrane also seperates intracellular and extracellular fluid. This is important because intracellular fluid suits the internal environment of the cell and enables it to thrive. Extracellular fluid contains other things which may harm organelles.

3. They would diffuse directly through the phospholipids into the intracellular environment down their concentration gradient via simple diffusion.

4. B oxygen molecules

5. A

6. A- exocytosis
    B- endocytosis (is that pinocytosis???? I cannot tell whether it is a liquid)
    C - endocytosis (phagocytosis)

Week 2:

Spoiler
1. tRNA molecules carry specific amino acids with anti codons, complimentary to the codons on mRNA to the ribosome be translated into polypeptides.

2. Condensation polyerisation. An anabolic reaction in which 2 small molecules monomers in this case (amino acids) joint to form a condensed complex polymer (protein) and water is also a bi product.

3. RNA polymerase is an enzyme involved in transcription as it catalysed the synthesis of pre-mRNA, 5 prime to 3 prime, from the template strand of DNA which is 3 prime to 5 prime.

4. A if it malfunctions the repressive protein it produces may be continually produce and continually bind to lac O. Meaning that the operator is inhibited.?

5. B. mRNA is translated into a polypeptide at the ribosomal complex.

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