There have been so many questions in relation to this on here.
Short answer: Not really.
VCE is a whole different ballgame in comparison to Year 10. Your actual ATAR depends on several factors such as your rank, competition of the cohort etc... so it does depend on some factors outside of your control.
In saying that, though, if you were a high performing student in Year 10 Maths for example, you would perhaps have an advantage (to a degree) over somebody else doing the same Maths subject as you. But you know... a year or two is a long time and significant changes to study habits etc. can be made over that period of time.
Judging somebody based primarily on Year 10 results would be inaccurate and unfair.
I have personally seen students turn things around. Jeez, if I judged myself based on my Year 10 results, I would probably not have even gone to university!