Ohhh, thank you! That makes so much more sense! ;DSo, overall are there more cations in the salt bridge to balance out the negative charge at the cathode?
Not necessarily - there might be more ions in the salt bridge, there might be more in the anode, or there might be more in the cathode. The key is just that while there ions in all three of these places, the reaction can continue. When one of these places runs out of ions, then the reaction will stop.
Oh ok, so would the lithium ions and the ions in the electrolyte be moving to the cells?
If there were ions in the electrolyte, probably. Remember, an electrolyte is just a solution that is conductive. While this is usually done by using salty water, remember that it doesn't have to be done this way. And in fact, if you read the question in full, you'll notice it says that the electrolyte isn't a saline solution - it's molten lithium chloride! So in this case, lithium ions ARE the ions in the electrolyte.
Redox reactions don't necessarily need to occur at the same place, right? Just at the same time?
Like, in a Galvanic cell or something, the oxidizing agent doesn't have to be in direct contact with the reducing agent.
Correct. Google "galvanic cell two beakers" for lots of examples of cells where the two are not in direct contact. Remember, though, that there DOES need to be a salt bridge connecting them, or else the reaction can't happen.