Echoing what AngelWings said, travelling distance / cost should probably the biggest focus for undergrad. However, if you are interested in different Unis:
The best physics research undergrad in Aus is probably the ANU PhB, you'll get lots of research opportunity even in undergrad with personalised attention. However, the ATAR is quite high and would require you to move interstate I'm assuming.
The Monash advanced science will also give you research experience in undergrad and since it incorporates an honours year equivalent, you might be able to apply directly for a PhD afterwards.
The Melbourne physics major + concurrent maths diploma will take the same amount of time (4 years) but if you are ambitious you can condense that down to 3.5 or even 3. However, as there is no honours component and Melbourne Uni doesn't provide an honours in Physics, you will have to do a Masters first before becoming eligible for PhD application. As you don't have to do breadth subjects at Monash, you can technically cover more in your 4 years (an honours year) than at Melbourne. However, breadth at Melbourne allows you to explore more into non-science areas.
In terms of PhD, for the areas that you are interested in, studying overseas would definitely be an advantage, especially as the majority of physics research positions are overseas as well. However, competition is extremely fierce and you may have to do a Masters in Physics (either here or overseas) to be competitive unless you are an especially strong candidate. However, the ANU and UMelb physics grad programs are quite good although for graduate study it should depend more on the type of project and supervisor you will be able to work with.