ATAR Notes: Forum
VCE Stuff => VCE Science => VCE Mathematics/Science/Technology => VCE Subjects + Help => VCE Psychology => Topic started by: jess3254 on May 31, 2009, 04:10:19 pm
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Well the psych mid-year is extremely soon, so I thought it would be useful to create a thread where individuals could post up questions they are having difficulty with, or ask any questions about concepts they don't understand etc.
Post away! I'll be checking this board regularly, so please don't hesitate to ask any questions. Glock and I will be posting up some exam questions for people to attempt ASAP.
Eriny created a great thread last year with tips and advice leading up to the mid-year Here. Do refer to it.
(I'm not actually sure how many active psych students there are here, but hey.)
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Do we have to know about forebrain, midbrain and hindbrain. And also, do we have to know specific researchers are their experiments and findings? thanks =]
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Do we have to know about forebrain, midbrain and hindbrain. And also, do we have to know specific researchers are their experiments and findings? thanks =]
No, you are not required to know anything about the forebrain, midbrain and hindbrain, as this is not part of the unit 3 study design.
I would say no, you don't specifically need to know about the names of the researchers or psychologists who made discoveries, however you do need to know the details about the experiments (obviously.) At most, you might get a multiple choice or short answer question along the lines of:
"Describe Sperry's research findings on split-brain patients" or "what were the results of Sperry's research on split-brain patients?", but knowing the researchers' name is not really required to answer those questions.
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Do we have to know about forebrain, midbrain and hindbrain. And also, do we have to know specific researchers are their experiments and findings? thanks =]
All you need to know vis a vis the brain is the cerebel cortex.
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can you please give me a simple definition for top down and bottom up processing ?
thankyou!
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Yep
Bottom-up processing - Think about seeing an object (say a flower) for the first time. You notice the flower and you process all the features of the flower and put them together to make you perceive this object, because you have no experience seeing this object before. This is evidently a purely physiological process.
Bottom-up processing could thus be defined as where "the system takes in individual elements of the stimulus and than combines them into a unified perception." (Passer & Smith, 2008, p.150)
Top-down processing - One you've seen a object, when you see the flower again, you don't need to have sensed all of the features of the flower. Your memory of flowers helps 'fill the gaps'. This type of processing would be faster than bottom-up processing, but more prone to error (think some of the ambiguous figures you've learnt in Psychology here). Both a physiological and psychological process.
Top-down processing could be defined as where "sensory informaiton is interpreted in light of existing knowledge, concepts, ideas, and expectations." (Passer & Smith, 2008, p.150)
Hope that helps.
References:
Passer, M. W., & Smith, R. E. (2008). Psychology: The science of mind and behavior (4th Ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.
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Just needing some confirmation, dot points for short answers are fine right?
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Just needing some confirmation, dot points for short answers are fine right?
Yes, it is absolutely fine to answer in dot point form. Sometimes (for some questions), examiners actually prefer it if you do (such as questions where you have to list/ identify 3 specific things for 3 marks - makes it easier for the examiner to mark the paper.)
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Hi,
Just wondering when describing the Electroencephalograph, eletromyograph and electro-oculogram, are the actual devices called "graphs" and the results called "gram" because they are named differently in every thing i read!
Thanks!
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lol isnt the thingy called a gram and the print out a graph ?
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If it isnt too much trouble for anyone could they please give me model examples of each of the pictorial depth cues.
thanks alot
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lol isnt the thingy called a gram and the print out a graph ?
Yeah.
Gram = the tracings which are created as a result of an individual being attached to the machine
Don't really worry about it
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Personally, I've never heard of either terminology being used. Generally, I just refer them by their device's abbreviation EEG, EMG and EOG.
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If it isnt too much trouble for anyone could they please give me model examples of each of the pictorial depth cues.
thanks alot
Sure. Do you mean using images to show examples of each of the cues?
Pictorial depth cues = Cues in the environment which provide us information about depth and distance
(http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_XF6XLDRA64c/R-tYoPwDDbI/AAAAAAAAAGI/hv-u4k-44AA/s320/linear%2Bperspective.gif)
Linear Perspective:
The two lines of the road in this above picture appear to converge (meet) as they recede into the distance. This is used by artists to portray that a road is moving further away from the viewer.
(http://www.cartage.org.lb/en/themes/Arts/painting/principl-tech/pers-paint/linear-per/paris2.jpg)
Texture Gradient
The pavement in this picture is perceived as having more texture or being 'more detailed' close up, however as the distance increases from the viewer, the pavement becomes more uniform, finer and smooth (less detailed.)
Relative size
The people in the above picture who are drawn as being larger are perceived as being closer to the viewer, and those who are drawn smaller are perceived as being further away.
Height in the visual field
(http://psych.fullerton.edu/mbirnbaum/psych101/perception/trees.gif)
In this picture, the tree which is drawn closer to the horizon is perceived as being further away from the viewer.
Interposition
(http://psych.fullerton.edu/mbirnbaum/psych101/perception/interposition.gif)
The card which is partially obscured by the other card is perceived as being further away, and the one which is unobscured is perceived as being closer.
I hope that's what you meant. If not, I am happy to provide more explanations or help you with anything else. :)
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oh thanks alot jessie !
umm yeah sorta just wanted some model examples that could be used in the exam if they asked
just so theyre clear examples and such so if you could ! :)
but that was great though
thanks =]
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can someone explain to me the limitations/disadvantages of fMRI?
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oh thanks alot jessie !
umm yeah sorta just wanted some model examples that could be used in the exam if they asked
just so theyre clear examples and such so if you could ! :)
but that was great though
thanks =]
Hmm, well, basically all you need to do is use the explanations I've provided, but apply it to the picture they've included in the exam. So:
Linear Perspective:
"The two lines parallel lines of the ____ in this above picture appear to converge (meet) as they recede into the distance."
Texture gradient:
"The ____ in this picture is perceived as having more texture or being 'more detailed' close up, however as the distance increases from the viewer, the ___ becomes more uniform, finer and smooth (less detailed.)"
Relative size
"The ____ in this picture which produces a larger image on the retina are perceived as being closer, whereas the ____ which produces a smaller image on the retina is perceived as being further away"
Height in the visual field
"The _____ which is drawn closer to the horizon is perceived as being further away, whereas the ____ which is drawn further away from the horizon is perceived as being closer to the viewer"
Interposition
"The _____ which partially obscures the _____ is perceived as being closer to the viewer"
If it isn't a specific example, and it's just asking you describe the principle in general, insert "object/s" or whatever.
I hope that's what you were after :S
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can someone explain to me the limitations/disadvantages of fMRI?
Advantages
-Shows both brain anatomy and brain function
-Non-invasive technique: does not require an injection
-In contrast to PET, images can be taken in rapid succession (in PET, pictures can only be taken every 30 seconds), so subtle changes in brain functioning can be observed.
-Can be used on healthy and clinical participants
Disadvantages
-Very expensive and requires highly trained staff
-Not good for claustrophobics
-Cannot be used on individuals who have metal objects in their bodies, such as pacemakers and pins.
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During a power failure, Rosie Shiraz enters her darkened wine cellar with only a candle forlight. She picks up two bottles of wine, and can discern that one bottle is red wine and the other white wine. This illustration of brightness constancy can be best explained by the fact that:
A: the colour of each wine is identical on the retina, regardless of the surrounding light intensity
B: the two bottles of wine are below the differential threshold.
C: the two bottles of wine have maintained their level of brightness relative to their surroundings
D: the two bottles of wine still reflect the same amount of light, despite the darkness of the wine cellular.
need reasoning
thanks =]
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just for clarification, dose:
PET show functions/structure
fMRI - functions? some of my notes say functions only and some say structure aswell.
ESB - functions
CT, MRI, EEG - structure
and say with the worded questions, is it true that if you use abbreviated words like EEG, you wont get full marks unless you say the actual electroencephalogram ?
thankyouu
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PET- function
fMRI- both
ESB- which specific parts of the brain initiate/inhibit specific responses
CT - structure
MRI - structure
EEG- electrical activity of the brain (brain wave patterns for sleep etc)
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During a power failure, Rosie Shiraz enters her darkened wine cellar with only a candle forlight. She picks up two bottles of wine, and can discern that one bottle is red wine and the other white wine. This illustration of brightness constancy can be best explained by the fact that:
A: the colour of each wine is identical on the retina, regardless of the surrounding light intensity
B: the two bottles of wine are below the differential threshold.
C: the two bottles of wine have maintained their level of brightness relative to their surroundings
D: the two bottles of wine still reflect the same amount of light, despite the darkness of the wine cellular.
need reasoning
thanks =]
C
- remember the brightness constancy fails if the intensity of brightness in the background is different from its surroundings.
just for clarification, dose:
PET show functions/structure
fMRI - functions? some of my notes say functions only and some say structure aswell.
ESB - functions
CT, MRI, EEG - structure
and say with the worded questions, is it true that if you use abbreviated words like EEG, you wont get full marks unless you say the actual electroencephalogram ?
thankyouu
On a simplistic level
PET - Function only
fMRI - Function AND structure
CT, MRI - Structure
Now, EEG technically does not map structure. It measures the electrical activity around the scalp which is assumed to be electrical activity from the cortical areas
Make sure though, you know in detail how and why these machines work.
As for the abbreviations, umm... I wouldn't imagine so, but just to be safe, you can write the full name once and then put (abbreviation). For example
The Positron Emissions Tomography (PET) shows research which area of the brain is involved when engaging in a task. The PET produces colourful images of the brain with darker areas indicating area being utilised...
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thanks!
and with the GSR, is there anythin wrong with saying that in ASC the changes in conductivity of the skin is from our emotions being heightened or dulled? bc in one of my practice exams, i lost 1/2 a mark for not choosing one of them.
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ummm say during the heightened ASC , you may sweat more
this would increase the electrical conductivity of the skin => higher GSR reading
due to higher arousal
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What is the easiest way to explain retinal disparity?
Always get confused haha!
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Retinal disparity is the difference between the two retinal images; due to the eyes being 6-7cm apart, each recieving a slightly different image. The brain uses this to judge depth and distance. The more disparity, the closer the object.
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Can someone explain and justify their answers for the following two questions:
Carmela is looking straight ahead at a projector screen. A picture of a wombat is flashed to her right
visual field only. If Carmela’s corpus callosum was completely severed, what would be the best way
for her to demonstrate what she had seen?
A. to name it verbally
B. to draw it with her right hand
C. to draw it with her left hand
D. to name and draw it with either hand
Question 3
In right-handed individuals, which part of the brain shows the highest levels of activation when
trying to solve a jigsaw puzzle?
A. left temporal lobe
B. right parietal lobe
C. right temporal lobe
D. left parietal lobe
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Carmela is looking straight ahead at a projector screen. A picture of a wombat is flashed to her right
visual field only. If Carmela’s corpus callosum was completely severed, what would be the best way
for her to demonstrate what she had seen?
A. to name it verbally
B. to draw it with her right hand
C. to draw it with her left hand
D. to name and draw it with either hand
Both A and B are correct. The information went to her left hemisphere (because the information was flashed into her right visual field), and the left hemisphere is involved in language. She would be able to articulate that the object she was viewing was a wombat.
However, she would also technically be able to draw it with her right hand. But in an exam, I’d go for A.
Question 3
In right-handed individuals, which part of the brain shows the highest levels of activation when
trying to solve a jigsaw puzzle?
A. left temporal lobe
B. right parietal lobe
C. right temporal lobe
D. left parietal lobe
It’s B.
-The right hemisphere is involved in visual-spatial tasks
-The parietal lobe association cortex is responsible for spatial orientation.
-A jigsaw puzzle is a spatial task.
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some good multiple choice q's on this site:
http://media.pearsoncmg.com/ph/hss/livepsych/start.htm
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hey anyone got the solutions to TSSM 2007 psych exam plz post =]
thanks
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hey anyone got the solutions to TSSM 2007 psych exam plz post =]
thanks
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thank you !
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From LisaChem 08
_____ process sensory information in visual perception. Relaying this information along the optic pathway is called _______
A. Neurons, transmission
B. Neurons, transduction.
C. Neurons, transduction.
D. Rods and cones, transmission.
i had D, but the answers say A.
I figured that rods and cones convert electromagnetic energy into electrochemical; is that not a form of processing?
why is A the better answer?
p.s. what is the difference between a neuron and a nerve and which one should i use?
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im guessing it has to do with the term visual 'perception' ... so like dealing with the brain... and there are no rods and cones in your brain.
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Question 1 - I was wondering with Ame's Room. Is pretty much everything slanted.... ? Like the floor, roof, and walls.
Question 2 - With Wernickle's Aphasia.. You cannot express words from meaning?.. Is there a better way of wording that?
Question 3 - And also with visual sensation and perception - how come its like in every practice exam I've done - if its not in the study design ?
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1. floor (slanted towards the further back corner) , ceiling and its trapezoidal
2. Werneckies aphasia- you have trouble comprehending speech and you produce grammatically correct sentences, but but do not make sense and usually takes the form of a 'word salad' (random words), maybe because Werneckie's area is responsible for selecting words from memory to be used in sentences.
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1. floor (slanted towards the further back corner) , ceiling and its trapezoidal
Huh ?
I thought it slanted down towards the viewing point ?...
And does the ceiling just follow the floor slanting ?
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1. floor (slanted towards the further back corner) , ceiling and its trapezoidal
Huh ?
I thought it slanted down towards the viewing point ?...
And does the ceiling just follow the floor slanting ?
Have a look at jessie0's post here
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hey jessie0, there was a question about what is the first stage of visual perception and i wrote "selection" because the first stage of visual sensation is "reception" but the answer was "reception"
so how do we know is theyr asking visual perception in general or ..?
thankyou.
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1. floor (slanted towards the further back corner) , ceiling and its trapezoidal
Huh ?
I thought it slanted down towards the viewing point ?...
And does the ceiling just follow the floor slanting ?
Have a look at jessie0's post here
So was my question correct ??
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Hi,
I'm really confused with the apparent distance theory in explaining ames room, I understand its application in the Muler-Lyer illusion but not ames room,
Could you please explain it... in like really simple terms?
Thanks heaps
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Have a look at jessie0's post here
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Thanks, um I already have but unfortunately it didn't really help me... :)
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hey jessie0, there was a question about what is the first stage of visual perception and i wrote "selection" because the first stage of visual sensation is "reception" but the answer was "reception"
so how do we know is theyr asking visual perception in general or ..?
thankyou.
I just did that question on a prac exam !... I'm confused too :S
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thought they took that out of the study design ? the distinctions between sensation and perception and treat it all as visual perception? dunno
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Question 1 - I was wondering with Ame's Room. Is pretty much everything slanted.... ? Like the floor, roof, and walls.
My understanding is that:
-The floor is slants downwards from the individual who is in the closer corner, to the individual in the corner which is further away (so that the individual who is closer appears more giant.)
-The roof slants upwards from the individual in the closer corner, to the individual which is further away (so it appears that the closer individual is touching the ceiling and is unable to fit.)
Hi,
I'm really confused with the apparent distance theory in explaining ames room, I understand its application in the Muler-Lyer illusion but not ames room,
Could you please explain it... in like really simple terms?
Thanks heaps
They're notoriously difficult to understand, these explanations for visual illusions.
-Both lines produce an image of the same size on the retina
-The attachments to the lines, for some reason or another, cause us to perceive the line with the feather tail as being 'further away' from us than the arrow head line (this is why it's called 'the apparent distance theory' - because we believe the lines are at different distances)
-Remember that both lines produce an image of the same size on the retina. However, we are programmed to know that objects which are further away from us produce an image on the retina which is smaller than the object is in reality.
-Thus, we perceive the line with the feather tail as being larger.
hey jessie0, there was a question about what is the first stage of visual perception and i wrote "selection" because the first stage of visual sensation is "reception" but the answer was "reception"
so how do we know is theyr asking visual perception in general or ..?
thankyou.
Yeah, if they're asking you what the first stage of visual perception is on a VCAA exam, always answer reception. I just realised they don't make a distinction between visual perception and sensation in the 2005 onwards study design, and just call it 'the stages of visual perception'.
Although they may still ask questions which ask you to distinguish/ list processes which occur in the eye and those which occur in the brain. Who knows.
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Hey Jessie0,
thanks for the reply but could you specify the apparent distance theory to the ames room?
I think you were talking about the Muler-Lyer in that explanation!
Lol it's just that this is the one concept im truely stumpted on and im freaking out!
ta!
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Hey Jessie0,
thanks for the reply but could you specify the apparent distance theory to the ames room?
I think you were talking about the Muler-Lyer in that explanation!
Lol it's just that this is the one concept im truely stumpted on and im freaking out!
ta!
Hahaha! Oh whoops. I'm so sorry. I read that as Muller Lyer *hits self*.
I'll type up an explanation ASAP, check back here shortly
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hello im just wondering how would i explain the ames room and muller lyer illusion in the exam to get full marks
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Also, just to extra particular, would it be okay to say that (as two examples) of Braca's area:
1) Responsible for the articulation and pronounciation of speech
2) Used for understanding complex grammatical functions for example in understanding sentences in which the meaning depends on the grammer
It's just that they seem to primarily focus on the articulation side of Broca's area but as a second feature can u talk about grammer?
just trying to make my answers as accurate (sp?) as possible! :)
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thanks jessie0,
and regarding the muler lyer post: Theory 1 is because we use closer and therefore the feather tail one is longer compared to the arrow heads
and the apparent distant theory is perceiving the feather tail as being longer because it is further away ?
ty
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Also, just to extra particular, would it be okay to say that (as two examples) of Braca's area:
1) Responsible for the articulation and pronounciation of speech
2) Used for understanding complex grammatical functions for example in understanding sentences in which the meaning depends on the grammer
It's just that they seem to primarily focus on the articulation side of Broca's area but as a second feature can u talk about grammer?
just trying to make my answers as accurate (sp?) as possible! :)
yer that looks fine, ive pretty much memoried the same thing
1)articulation of speech
2)analysing grammatical structure of sentences
but i was wondering for the aphasia bit, if the opposite meaning would be right
1)difficulty articulating speech
2)difficulty analysing grammatical structure of sentences
for wernicke:
1) comprehending language
2) locating words frm memory to express a particular meaning.
and for wernickes aphasia im jus gonna put "difficulty" in front.
can someone please check if thats fine?
ty
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Broca's aphasia would result in slow, deliberate speech, and sentences that make sense and are meaningful, but are not grammatically correct and usually only consist of verbs and nouns.
Werneckie's aphasia would result in difficulty comprehending human speech and language, and would result in grammatically correct sentences, but they make no sense (which has got to do with not being able to select words from memory as you said).
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while your there can you please check the following, my teacher said it was fine but id like a second opinion
PET- radioactive substance (glucose) is injected into the bloodstream then the PET maps out the level of blood flow around the brain while cognitive tasks are performed.
fMRI-Computer generated image that provides info about the working brain during cognitive tasks by tracking oxygenated blood flow around the brain.
ESB- electrodes are attached to specific areas of the brain. If a stimulation of those electrodes causes a response, then it is assumed that that specific area is involved in that function.
ty
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while your there can you please check the following, my teacher said it was fine but id like a second opinion
PET- radioactive substance (glucose) is injected into the bloodstream then the PET maps out the level of blood flow around the brain while cognitive tasks are performed.
fMRI-Computer generated image that provides info about the working brain during cognitive tasks by tracking oxygenated blood flow around the brain.
ESB- electrodes are attached to specific areas of the brain. If a stimulation of those electrodes causes a response, then it is assumed that that specific area is involved in that function.
ty
yep, sounds ok to me
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:):):) and when im asked for what happens when the sympathetic NS is in action, i can say: pupils dilate to allow more light into the eyes. and Heart rate increases to allow more bloodflow in the body?
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ummm best to be safe and state that it activates the Fight-flight response, which in turn dilates the pupils, increases the heart rate, increases the activity of the muscles and so on...
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can anyone please tell me the exact frequencies and amplitudes for alpha and theta waves
i believe alpha is medium-high frequency, medium-low amplitude and theta medium-low frequency and higher amplitude
is this correct?
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Um Im pretty sure theta waves are described as having both high and low amplitude as a specific characteristic of theirs... and as for alpha waves, every text iv read has something different for their freq and amp
:)
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theta waves = medium freq , medium amplitude
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theta waves = medium freq , medium amplitude
thats what the textbook says but my lecturer notes say otherwise
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from my understanding, theta waves = medium frequency, mixure of high and low amplitude.
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or just compare it to delta waves, saying compared to delta waves its higher in frequency and lower in amplitude....
(in my text book it says; theta is frequency is med-low, and amplitude is high-med)
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would somebody be able to help me out with these short answer qs..
* What are two benefits of the automatic functioning of the ANS?
* Define bottom up processing as it occurs in visual perception.
* Outline the problems associated with using the repeated measures design.
* What is one main limitation of using straified sampling?
Also, when presented a question about the peephole and how it allows the illusion to work, does it want us to mention how it only allows us to use binocular cues.
(i shall add more q's if i get stuck :) )
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*The peephole eliminates the application of the strongest binocular depth cues to judge distance and space, by applying monocular cues the room is maintained as if it were rectangular (that is the left corner being the same distance from the right) rather than its realistic trapezoidal shape
*"Order effects" may occur, that is prior knowledge/exposure to the task influences participants performance and thus the reliability of the results, boredom and fatigue may also play apart
*self regulatory and not interdependent on the CNS, person does not have to concentrate their mental effort and energy on maintaining voluntary functioning of the visceral muscles, person may be in coma yet their heart-rate and breathing will still continue
*With stratified sampling, it may be difficult and time consuming to determine, calculate and establish the necessary subgroups or proportions
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ANS also increases survivial rates (fight-flight)
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does anyone reckon they'll ask us a question to draw a graph on the sleeping stages or draw particular brain waves
they haven't done that before from my understanding so i assume its quite possible
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can someody please tell me what REM rebound is? this just came up on a prac exam and it's the first time ive seen it =S
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can someody please tell me what REM rebound is? this just came up on a prac exam and it's the first time ive seen it =S
excessive amounts of rem sleep occurring after a person has been deprived of REM sleep
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I think that for sure they'll ask us to draw something... apparently they said at the examiners lectures that it hasn't been done and it is "quite possible" they'll include it at some point... :(
Drawing things is always so risky and ambiguous...
Can anyone explain the ames room in tums of apparent distance theory?
Its not clicking in my brain!!
Thanks
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Lucas is dressed as a pirate and is wearing an eye patch over his left eye. Visual information that enters his right eye will be processed in his ________ lobes.
A. right occipital
B. right parietal
C. left parietal and right occipital ---> is that a typo???
D. left occipital
In the early 19th century, researchers discovered the functioning of the human brain primarily through ;
A. humans volunteering to undergo an operation
B. autopsies
C. surgical procedures carried out on animals
D. none of the above
these are from Lisachem 09 btw
thanks
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The answers are
C
and
B
how they came to those conclusions i dont know, how can they discover brain function through autopsies if the person is dead like wtf
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yeah man i dont get that either
hey should the first question have C as both occipitals?
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dont tell me it has something to do with the dorsal stream -_-"
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i know initially that info from the right eye is processed in the left occipital lobe, i don't understand how it can be C, visual info doesn't go to the parietal lobe
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hmmm but the left half of the right eye goes to the left hem and right half to right hem
cuz it says right eye not right visual field
maybe it has something to do witht he dorsal stream but i dunnno .....
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hmmm but the left half of the right eye goes to the left hem and right half to right hem
cuz it says right eye not right visual field
maybe it has something to do witht he dorsal stream but i dunnno .....
whats dorsal stream? never heard of it lol
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lol it connects to the visual cortex and is involved in determining "where" a visual stimulus is located. its in the parietal lobe.
the ventral stream is involved in determining "what" a visual stimulus is, and its located in the temporal lobe
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hmmm but the left half of the right eye goes to the left hem and right half to right hem
cuz it says right eye not right visual field
maybe it has something to do witht he dorsal stream but i dunnno .....
Nah, it's a typo. Just ignore it, you don't need to know anything about the dorsal stream.
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yeah it prob should say right and left occipital lobes
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oh okay thanks guys
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I think that for sure they'll ask us to draw something... apparently they said at the examiners lectures that it hasn't been done and it is "quite possible" they'll include it at some point... :(
Drawing things is always so risky and ambiguous...
Can anyone explain the ames room in tums of apparent distance theory?
Its not clicking in my brain!!
Thanks
sorry about delayed response.
Basically, all you need to know is:
-The room appears to be cubic shaped, even though it is trapezoid
-The corners of the room appear to be at the same distance (think of it as the apparent LACK of distance theory), even though one is double the distance from the viewer than the other corner.
-The object that casts the larger retinal image (i.e. from the physically nearer corner) is perceived as larger than the object in the opposite, more distant corner. So, we don't maintain size constancy
-But we maintain shape constancy because we perceive the room to be cube rather than trapezoid.
The key to that theory is that the back corners of the room appear to be at the SAME distance from the viewer. So it's kinda like the opposite to Muller Lyer in a way, where it's incorrectly perceived as being at DIFFERENT distances.
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hey jessie0
can you also please explain the apparent and compromise theory for muller lyer?
ty
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hey jessie0
can you also please explain the apparent and compromise theory for muller lyer?
ty
Hey,
take a look at this thread here: http://vcenotes.com/forum/index.php/topic,13135.msg146127.html#msg146127
I posted a detailed response a while back. See if that helps. If not, just let me know =)
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so compromise: the horizontal lines are equal, but bc we use closer, the feather ends is longer?
and apparent: the ends add depth -> each line has a different distance -> feather ends further away, so we assume its longer?
thanks
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can soemone explain the time it takes for the cones and rods to adapt to a dark environment
thanks
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can soemone explain the time it takes for the cones and rods to adapt to a dark environment
thanks
You don't need to know much about dark adaptation because it isn't on the study design, however:
-It takes about 30-35 minutes of complete darkness for humans to reach a 'maximum visual sensitivity'
-A completely dark-adapted eye is 100 000 times more sensitive to light
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do fMRI and PET scan provide info on structure as well?
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do fMRI and PET scan provide info on structure as well?
fMRI = Yes: provides images of brain anatomy
PET = No: only provides a colour coded map of brain activity, no anatomy.
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OOOopps i meant for cones and rods
like if you enter a dark room, would the cones adapt quickly? and what about the rods?
sorry there
thanks =]
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OOOopps i meant for cones and rods
like if you enter a dark room, would the cones adapt quickly? and what about the rods?
sorry there
thanks =]
from my understanding cones adapt within 8-10 minutes whilst rods take 25-30 minutes or so
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so compromise: the horizontal lines are equal, but bc we use closer, the feather ends is longer?
and apparent: the ends add depth -> each line has a different distance -> feather ends further away, so we assume its longer?
thanks
Perceptual compromise:
-we receive conflicting information when viewing the Muller Lyer illusion. This is:
*both the lines are of equal length
*however the TOTAL LENGTH of the feather tail line is greater than the total length of the arrow head line.
*What we do is we end up using the Gestalt Principle of closure to perceptually fill in gaps and draw an imagined contour/line around both lines.
*Because the total area of the feather tail is greater than the arrow head, we perceive it to be larger.
Apparent distance:
Yeah, pretty much. The line with the feather tail APPEARS to be more distant (not actually is) because the attachments add depth to the lines.
Both lines produce the same sized image on the retina, but because we think the feather tail is more distant, we perceive it to be larger (remember that objects which are far away produce a smaller image on the retina). This is because we are incorrectly applying size constancy in a 2D setting.
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OOOopps i meant for cones and rods
like if you enter a dark room, would the cones adapt quickly? and what about the rods?
sorry there
thanks =]
from my understanding cones adapt within 8-10 minutes whilst rods take 25-30 minutes or so
Sorry mate, I have no idea. I've looked through a couple of sources I have and they only refer to rods and dark adaptation, they don't specify with cones.
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Hey jessie0... I keep getting all these multiply choice questions of GAS.. And I know decrease effectiveness of immune system starts in Stage 2..
-So most of the questions ask, when does Psychosomatic Illness start to occur.
I choose Resistance.... Correct..
-And then I've done another question of like when you get tonsillitis, what stage are you in?
And I choose Resistance again And its wrong... Its Exhaustion
I've done heaps where, some answers are Stage 2, and some answers are Stage 3.
I don't know which one to choose... Do you base the answer on what type of illness it is, like major illnesses would be in stage 3.... (But then again, i dont get that either because wouldn't a major illness be a psychosomatic illness?)
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The psychosomatic one, its where it STARTS to develop. thats when the cortisol is starting to deplete your immune system.
the tonsiilitis one i think means that you have developed it, which would be evident when your body is depleted of all resources; ie. during exhaustion.
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The psychosomatic one, its where it STARTS to develop. thats when the cortisol is starting to deplete your immune system.
the tonsiilitis one i think means that you have developed it, which would be evident when your body is depleted of all resources; ie. during exhaustion.
no it said it question Started to develop.... ?
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Hey jessie0... I keep getting all these multiply choice questions of GAS.. And I know decrease effectiveness of immune system starts in Stage 2..
-So most of the questions ask, when does Psychosomatic Illness start to occur.
I choose Resistance.... Correct..
-And then I've done another question of like when you get tonsillitis, what stage are you in?
And I choose Resistance again And its wrong... Its Exhaustion
I've done heaps where, some answers are Stage 2, and some answers are Stage 3.
I don't know which one to choose... Do you base the answer on what type of illness it is, like major illnesses would be in stage 3.... (But then again, i dont get that either because wouldn't a major illness be a psychosomatic illness?)
I found the exact same problem last year! It really frustrated me (especially because I didn't agree with the theory at all :P). What exams were these on?
But as a general rule, if they ask "when does psychosomatic illness start to occur", definitely go for resistance. It STARTS to manifest itself during resistance, but becomes severe in exhaustion.
If it is a question like 'Madi gets an infection. What stage is she in?', look at the particular circumstances surrounding her illness. If she has become 'incredibly stressed and unable to cope', go for exhaustion. If she has, 'has found it increasingly difficult to cope', (implies it's a bit more mild) go for resistance. And yes, also take the severity of illness into account.
As a general rule:
Cold + flu + headaches + tummy aches + nausea = resistance
severe psychosomatic illness, or something like a heart attack or stroke = exhaustion.
Although it really isn't that clear unfortunately. It's a very airy fairy theory.
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hey you know for the single-blind procedure, is this used for participants only or can it be used to eliminate experimenter effects?
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hey you know for the single-blind procedure, is this used for participants only or can it be used to eliminate experimenter effects?
It could technically be used to eliminate the experimenter effect. In some studies, it's impossible to not have participants informed of which group they are in (e.g. if one group has 9 hours sleep and the others have no sleep before completing a sequence of dance moves or something). But the person assessing the results could be blind to who had sleep and who did not. So yes.
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Is the Rat-Man experiment an example of context or past experience? Thanks.
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Is the Rat-Man experiment an example of context or past experience? Thanks.
Mostly context. Because it was the surroundings of the rat-man ambiguous figure which created the perceptual set (expectancy to perceive something in a particular way.)
Which text book do you have? There's an explanation of the rat man experiment in grivas I know for sure. I can't find a picture of it online, so just flip through your text book to see if it's under "perceptual set".
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I have Grivas but I can't seem to find an explanation of Rat-man, only instructions on how to do an experiment on it yourself. My Thomson/Nelson Psych Notes book seems to give Rat-man as an example of past experience, and B-13 as an example of context, but I don't know what the difference is between the Rat-man and B-13 experiments and I was sure they were both context?
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I have Grivas but I can't seem to find an explanation of Rat-man, only instructions on how to do an experiment on it yourself. My Thomson/Nelson Psych Notes book seems to give Rat-man as an example of past experience, and B-13 as an example of context, but I don't know what the difference is between the Rat-man and B-13 experiments and I was sure they were both context?
the rat-man figure can be both past experience and context
context leads to the predisposition to perceive either a rat or a man if the figure was shown amidst either animal-drawings or facial drawings
it can also be past experience if the person is shown either images of animals or human faces then shown the figure
as for the B-13 experiments that is context, vertically viewing the image creates a context of of numbers whilst horizontally it gives a context of letters, checkpoints also said it can depend whether your in maths or in english class
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omg im dead tomorrow
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i really just wana get it all over and done with sick of studying
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one last question before death, what are the diffrent types of research methods and what do they do.. plz and thanks lol
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jessie0 thank you so much for all your help, and everyone else who answered the questions
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thanks guys.
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do we need to know about the apparent distance hypothesis?
esp. regarding the ames room and not the muller lyer
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do we need to know about the apparent distance hypothesis?
esp. regarding the ames room and not the muller lyer
Sure do.
+ Perceptual compromise for muller lyer.
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fucking distance hypothesis is full of shit
lawl.
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what defintions are you guys learning?
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what parts of research methods do we need to know ? Are we expected to know what an operational hypothesis is ? Do we need to know what p value is ? Also do we need to know about descriptive statistics ? cheers !
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Nope none of those
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is pet 2d or 3d?
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Hey can some please explain the ames room illusion in terms of the apparent distance hypothesis?
Thanks!
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Anyone know what the A+ mark has been in previous years?
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Anyone know what the A+ mark has been in previous years?
Last year it was 79/90
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lets get dem 85+/90's VNers.