You're asking two different questions here
1. The effect of exams on GA1 scores which is due to sac moderation which is dependent on ranking & how your cohort does on the exam which is explained
here2. How marks at either end of a grade cutoff affect your study score - the answer to this is that VCAA uses your mark for each GA, not the letter grade, so having the same letter grade as someone else doesn't mean you'll get the same score as them. They just don't tell you what your actual mark is unless you pay for it.
I know the exam scores don't change at all, where only GA1 does, so if the exams do influence GA1, then wouldn't someone who got 64/100 (which is lowest B score for GA1) and someone who got 73/100 (highest B score) yield the same 32 study score?
This isn't about whether their raw GA1 mark are the same letter grade. If both people are rank 1 and both get the same mark for both exams & that mark is the best in each of their cohorts, then their GA1 mark will be moderated to be the same, regardless of them having different raw marks, so they'll both get the same study score.
But someone who is rank 1 and does the best on their exam out of their cohort and therefore has their GA1 mark moderated according to that is not necessarily going to get the same study score as someone who is rank 1 and does second best on their exam (scoring the same mark as the first person) - because their GA1 mark will be moderated according to the best exam score in their cohort, which in this case is higher than their own exam score.