With the process of neural transmission, each part of the neuron plays a particular role
Dendrites - (the tree branch like things on the neuron) receive neurotransmitter chemicals from the pre synaptic neuron. They will then send these chemicals to the soma (the round substance in the middle of the neuron)>
Soma - circular thing in the center of the neuron. Its role is to process the information from the neurotransmitter chemicals and determine whether to send that information to the next neuron. It will send this information down the axon (which is the long tube thing at the end of the pre-synaptic neuron).
At the end of the axon terminals, there are these things called axon terminals which hold the terminal buttons. These contain vesicles of neurotransmitters that are released into the synapse (which is the small gap between neurons)
The neuron where neurotransmitters are released from into the synapse is called the presynaptic neuron. The neuron that receives neurotransmitters is called the postsynaptic neuron. Once this neuron has received the neurotransmitters, they will bind to the dendrites on itself and the process starts again