In my experience there are two main things you can do to improve your knowledge of how to answer the question:
1. Understanding key terminology (compare, contrast, describe, explain, show, justify, role, significance etc.).
2. Learning the patterns for each question from feedback (teachers, examiners report) eg for natural selection questions the pattern was describing the trait in terms of alleles, due to xyz there is a shift in the allele frequency overtime, with the result that .... (not those exact words, but you get my point) It is important to note that you can't JUST rely on these patterns, you also need to understand the question, someone who only relied on that pattern last year would've had a bad surprise when they saw the question was worth 4 rather than the usual 3 marks, but if you also understood the content you could surmise what the extra point was.
This is something I'm currently struggling with in psych, but after doing lots of practice exam questions for bio last year I could confidently answer even very unfamiliar questions