Does anyone have any tips for memorising the characteristics of the species in the Homo genus, primates, hominins, etc.? I'm finding it quite hard atm as there are lots of things I could memorise for each thx!
Don’t worry about memorising exact details - you just need to know general trends. Try and remember one or two features of each genus (eg. Australopithecus, Paranthropus, etc.) but don’t worry about memorising the differences between each species. (Except you may need to know more for your SAC)
For primates/hominids/hominins just remember the key features of primates (a lot of them are things people know anyway) and then just remember a couple of things that makes a primate a hominid and then a couple that makes a hominid a hominin. You don’t need to memorise entire lists of features.
An image of a phylogenetic tree is attached below. Which organism is most closely related with the 'Rhea'? An explanation as to WHY will be great.
Unless I’m missing something, the best you can tell from that tree is that everything below the Rhea is closer related to it than the ostrich. The vertical lines indicate a common ancestor. Species with the most recent common answer are the most closely related. As everything below the Rhea shares a common ancestor with the rhea at the same point, you can’t distinguish which of them is more closely related.
Hey all,
From what I understand (which may be incorrect), the adaptiveimmune system distinguishes self cells from non-self cells depending on their particular antigens.
What do pattern recognition receptors (PRRS) on phagocytic cells do? Do they just enable cells of the innate immune system to identify extracellular pathogens by recognising and binding to pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs)? If so, I'm not sure how this is different from antigens. Also, are we actually required to know about PRRs and PAMPs?
Thanks!
I’m not sure if you need to know about them. I never learnt anything about them, and I haven’t seen anything about them on the study design but I know some people have talked about them on here previously, so I’ll leave that for someone else to answer.