VCE Biology Question Thread

[AhNeon]

Is ATP produced from the light dependent reaction identical to the way its made in the ETC of cellular respiration
Like are electrons passed from cytochrome to cytochrome and Proton carries give up H+ ions. The concentration gradient is then used with ATPase to synthesis ATP-is this even what happens in cellular respiration?

[hodang]

34-36 (the other two overall come from glycolysis!)

Isn't ETC 32-34?

[esthertham58]

sure.
Gylcolysis
Input: ADP, NAD+, glucose
Output: ATP, NADH, pyruvate
Kerb cycle
Input: acetyl coA, NAD+,FAD,ADP
Output: CO2, NADH,FADH2, ATP
ETC:
Input:02, FADH2,NADH,ADP
Output: 36-38 ATP, water
 
Light dependent
Input: water, NADP,ADP
Output: 02,NADPH,ATP
Light indepdent
Input:C02,NADPH,ATP
Output: glucose

guys let me know if im missing something!

So do you need to know the exact amount of those molecules??? eg- 8 FADH2 is needed or do I just say FADH2

[isobelj]

Is helicase involved in transcription, or just RNA polymerase? I'm hearing so many different things :/

[sarahmati]

sure.
Gylcolysis
Input: ADP, NAD+, glucose
Output: ATP, NADH, pyruvate
Kerb cycle
Input: acetyl coA, NAD+,FAD,ADP
Output: CO2, NADH,FADH2, ATP
ETC:
Input:02, FADH2,NADH,ADP
Output: 36-38 ATP, water
 
Light dependent
Input: water, NADP,ADP
Output: 02,NADPH,ATP
Light indepdent
Input:C02,NADPH,ATP
Output: glucose

guys let me know if im missing something!

I think for ETC in cellular respiration the output is only 32 ATP, and a production of 36-38 ATP throughout all three cellular respiration stages!

[esthertham58]

Is helicase involved in transcription, or just RNA polymerase? I'm hearing so many different things :/

From what I know helicase is used for DNA replication and RNA polymerase is used for transcription. Can someone clarify this.

[HSPLegend]

Is helicase involved in transcription, or just RNA polymerase? I'm hearing so many different things :/

DNA Helicase IS involved in transcription. It is responsible for 'unwinding' the double-stranded DNA by breaking the hydrogen bonds between the complementary base pairs. This allows for RNA polymerase to interact with and travel down the single exposed template strand of DNA, in the process synthesizing a complementary pre-mRNA strand.

[QueenSmarty]

So mothers do not have to give the affected trait to all of their sons aswell? In an X-linked dominant trait, only affected fathers must pass the affected trait to their daughters? How about for X-linked recessive?

Ps- Thanks for answering

In X-linked dominant inheritance, a heterozygous female is expected to pass on the allele to 50% of her offspring, regardless of their gender. Yes, in X-linked dominant inheritance, the affected father will pass on the affected allele to all daughters.
In X-linked recessive, the mother will pass the affected trait onto all of her sons, and all daughters of an affected male will be carriers

[vox nihili]

Isn't ETC 32-34?

Correct! Sorry, my mistake. There are two also produced during the Krebs cycle.


Glycolysis: 2
Krebs: 2
ETC: 32-34

Is helicase involved in transcription, or just RNA polymerase? I'm hearing so many different things :/

There's been a lot of debate about this in both the VCE and the HSC group. It's because on wikipedia it says that RNA pol can unwind DNA. This is not true of the vast majority of RNA polymerases (remember that different organisms will have slightly different enzymes). For all intents and purposes, helicase unwinds in transcription and DNA replication.

[plsbegentle]

So do you need to know the exact amount of those molecules??? eg- 8 FADH2 is needed or do I just say FADH2

If u know the exact numbers, by all means say 8 FADH2, if u are unsure, its better to just stick with FADH2.

EDIT: sorry about the numbers for ETC, tried to do it without looking at the actual numbers.

[vox nihili]

If u know the exact numbers, by all means say 8 FADH2, if u are unsure, its better to just stick with FADH2.

EDIT: sorry about the numbers for ETC, tried to do it without looking at the actual numbers.

No sweat, I fucked it up too hahaha 

[geminii]

What is everything we need to know about PCR?

[HasibA]

What is everything we need to know about PCR?

remember the processes like annealing, extending etc. (is denaturing one of them? think so) and some of the temps of each stage, and some potential uses of it (crime scene amplification etc.) gl!

[Springyboy]

What is everything we need to know about PCR?

You need to know the exact steps of how it works, and apply it to the situation given.

The steps in paragraph form are:

DNA fragments would be heated up to around 90-95°C to denature them into single-stranded fragments. The DNA is then cooled to 55°C and free DNA nucleotides and DNA primers are added to allow synthesis of the strand. This is then heated up to 72°C and taq polymerase is added, allowing the new strands to be synthesised as double-stranded segments. This process is then repeated millions of times, allowing millions of copies to be produced from the original DNA strand.

It appears a lot on exams so it's useful to know its application.

[purplegiraffe]

just in case you have not seen the front cover

http://www.vcaa.vic.edu.au/Documents/exams/2016%20Nov%20exam%20covers/2016biology-cov-mc.pdf

ONLY 35 PAGES :/
usually 40+
might have a tonne of 1 markers.....

Wait, is this the actual cover page for the exam? Even though it says sample??